浅析城市生活垃圾分类回收

城市生活垃圾分类回收有别于混合收集,是垃圾收集的一种新趋势。结合我国垃圾的特点,阐明了当前垃圾分类收集的现状,并指出了我国垃圾分类回收的意义;根据当前垃圾收集存在的问题,提出了一些具体化的对策。通过垃圾的分类回收,减少了垃圾的最终处置量,提高垃圾资源化率。     

人工湿地在城市住宅生态建设中的应用

根据城市生态住区水资源利用特点,在生态住区采用人工湿地技术实现中水回用、湖水水质保持、雨水利用及面源污染治理等功能,为住区生态建设开辟新途径。     

洪水作用下村镇住宅的力学响应试验研究

针对洪水作用下村镇住宅的反应,通过建立房屋模型,研究不同洪水水力条件下,村镇住宅所受的洪水压力、应变等分布规律,并分析了不同房屋结构以及基础对抵抗洪水作用的影响,初步得到了洪水作用下村镇住宅的破坏机理。     

Comparisons of TGA and DSC approaches to evaluate nitrocellulose thermal degradation energy and stabilizer efficiencies

This study investigated the thermal degradation energy (activation energy, E_a) for nitrocellulose (NC) with low nitrogen content of 11.71 mass%, so-called NC3, by using two different kinds of thermal analysis instruments: thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A comparison of E_a for various nitrogen content NC samples at two scanning rates (5 and 10 °C min^?1) tested by TGA and DSC is also discussed in this paper. Meanwhile, our aim was to analyze the anti-degradation of E_a for NC with high nitrogen content, as so-called NC1. Thermal stability for NC1 with diphenylamine (DPA) was tested via DSC with 10 DPA concentrations in weights of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.0, and 3.0 mass%. Experimental results indicated that E_a of NC3s was 319.91 kJ mol^?1. Moreover, that while dosing DPA into NC1 the best recipe could be employed to avoid any violent NC1 runaway and also can be used to distinguish the differences of thermal decomposition E_a between NC with different nitrogen contents. This study established a fast and efficient procedure for thermal decomposition properties of NC, and could be applied as an intrinsically safer design during relevant operations.     

Occurrence of imidacloprid,carbendazim, and other biocides in Italian house dust: Potential relevance for intakes in children and pets

The occurrence of pesticides intended for non-agricultural use was investigated in 206 dust samples drawn from vacuum-cleaner bags from residential flats in Italy. The multi-residue analysis targeted on 95 different active principles was performed with UPLC-MS/MS, with a Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 μg/g dry weight. The results indicated the presence of imidacloprid (IMI) and carbendazim (CARB) in 30% and 26% of the samples, with a mean and P95 concentration between 1.6 and 39 and between 0.08 and 4.9 μg/g, respectively. Combined presence of two biocides was noted in 19.4% samples, of three biocides in 9.2% samples, of four biocides in 3.4% samples, and of five and six biocides in 0.5% and 1% samples, respectively. According to the estimated dust intake in infants/toddlers aged 6–24 months (16–100 mg d^?1) and cats (200 mg d^?1), it was possible to obtain risk characterization with respect to the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for IMI of 0.060 mg/kg body weight (bw) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the chronic Population Adjusted Dose (cPAD) of 0.019 mg/kg bw d^?1 by US-EPA. Under the worst-case scenario, the presence of IMI in dust indicates potential exceedance of the cPAD in kittens, to be considered as sentinel also accounting for combined exposure. This study highlights the relevance of consumer empowerment about the responsible use of pesticides as biocidal products in indoor environment.     

水质化学需氧量(COD)在线自动分析仪的发展现状

对水质化学需氧量 ( COD)在线自动分析仪的方法原理、主要类型、主要技术性能以及主要仪器型号等发展现状进行了评述     

全自动甲基汞分析仪测定水和废水中甲基汞

建立了全自动甲基汞分析仪测定水和废水中甲基汞的方法,对较清洁的地表水和一般废水样品可直接衍生化测定,对基体复杂水样则需蒸馏后再衍生化测定。该法在水样中甲基汞含量为0~1 000 pg范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.999 7,检出限为0.002 ng/L,标准参考物质测定结果均在参考值范围内,相对标准偏差为1.1%,加标回收率为83.2%~96.6%。该法适用于水及废水中甲基汞的检测。     

紫外光度法臭氧自动监测仪及其标准传递方法

随着我国经济的快速增长和城市化进程的不断加速,以臭氧为主的光化学污染问题已成为大气环境保护领域关注的重点、热点问题。对臭氧进行自动监测是环境管理和科学研究的需要,文中介绍了臭氧自动监测仪和臭氧量值溯源体系,重点探讨了臭氧监测干扰因素及标准传递方法,并通过实验比较验证了带光度计的臭氧校准仪具有较好的输出稳定性。     

便携式非分散红外烟气仪在高湿低硫锅炉烟气监测中的干扰和对策

简述了便携式非分散红外烟气分析仪在高湿低硫锅炉烟气监测中,存在采样流量、现场温度以及预处理装置反吹等方面的干扰因素。提出了在锅炉烟气监测中可采取控制采样流量、延长仪器预热时间、反吹预处理装置等措施,消除干扰,保证烟气监测的稳定准确。     

COD测定仪法测定不同水样COD消解时间的差异性

通过实验证实COD测定仪法具有较好的精密度和准确性,与标准回流法的分析结果比较,相对误差为-3.37%~1.41%,具有替代标准回流法的可行性。由于水样性质不同,所需最佳消解时间不同,通过比较不同消解时间下COD测定的结果,得到COD测定仪法测定水中COD所需的最佳消解时间分别为:工业废水60 min,生活污水和地表水90 min。