Application of an aerosol electrical mobility spectrum analyzer: Charged-particle polarity ratio measurement in the Antarctic and Arctic regions

An aerosol electrical mobility spectrum analyzer (AEMSA), developed at Hanyang University, was employed to investigate the particle charge characteristics in the Antarctic and Arctic regions. The particle charge characteristics in these areas were compared with the charging state in Ansan, South Korea, located in the midlatitude, where artificial factors, such as human activity, urbanization, and traffic, might result in a higher total concentration. Furthermore, in Ansan, South Korea, the charged-particle polarity ratio was very stable and was close to 1. However, notably different particle charge characteristics were obtained in the Antarctic and Arctic regions. The imbalance between the numbers of positively and negatively charged particles was evident, resulting in more positive charges on the atmospheric particles. On average, the positively charged particle concentrations in the Antarctic and Arctic areas were 1.4 and 2.8 times higher, respectively, compared with the negatively charged particles. The developed AEMSA system and the findings of this study provide useful information on the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in the Antarctic and Arctic regions and can be further utilized to study particle formation mechanisms.     

A novel online analyzer for accurate and rapid measurement of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic wastewater treatment

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which are largely generated during the anaerobic acidification process, are considered to be reliable indicators of the stable process operation. However, the common methods for monitoring VFAs are offline, and they are typically manual requiring time-consuming, costly and complex instruments. This study aims to develop a novel online analyzer for automatic measuring VFAs, which was based on the 5-pH point titration, embedded with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control system. The results show that it can achieve accurate and rapid monitoring of VFAs ranging between 0-400 mg/L (<9 min/sample) but simultaneously faces the problems of overtitration and interference of complex characteristics of wastewater. In order to improve its accuracy and stability, the effects of three general coefficients (K_I, K_P, and K_D) of PID on the titration were investigated, and the optimal values of K_I, K_P, and K_D were found to be 1.5, 1.0, and -1.0~0.5, respectively. Besides, the initial titration speed was set at 0.06 mL/min, equal to the minimum speed of the peristaltic pump, and the dichotomy approach was integrated into the PID feedback controller. Owing to the above improvements, the relative mean deviation and standard deviation of measuring VFAs in both synthetic and real wastewaters were mostly lower than 5.0% and 5.0 mg/L, proving the online analyzer is rapid, accurate and reliable.     

基于光谱分析仪的通量-梯度法测量小型池塘水-气界面温室气体交换通量

小型池塘作为内陆水体的一部分,是被忽视的温室气体重要排放源.本研究主要利用通量-梯度方法测量长江三角洲地区的一处小型池塘水-气界面温室气体(CO_2和CH_4)交换通量.结果表明:1零梯度测试结果显示本套通量-梯度系统测量H_2O、CO_2和CH_4通量的精度分别为7.525 W·m-2、0.022 mg·(m2·s)-1、0.054μg·(m2·s)-1,并且在正常实验观测期间3种气体(H_2O、CO_2和CH_4)的通量值分别有84%、80%和94%的结果高于零梯度测试精度,以上结果可以保证本套通量-梯度系统具有足够的精度测量池塘水-气界面温室气体交换通量;2通量-梯度计算结果表明此小型池塘在夏季为CO_2和CH_4的排放源,其排放通量平均值分别为0.038 mg·(m2·s)-1和0.889μg·(m2·s)-1,其中CH_4排放通量远高于内陆湖泊甲烷排放通量的中值,说明小型池塘的温室气体排放量是估算内陆水体温室气体排放量特别是CH_4排放量中不可忽视的重要量值,本研究结果可为准确估算区域温室气体排放量提供科学参考.     

四川地震后固体建筑毁弃物再生研究

四川地震后,大量房屋倒塌,产生了大量的建筑垃圾,对生态环境造成严重影响,同时使得大量灾民无家可归。文章从节约成本、保护生态环境、走可持续发展道路考虑,提出用再生混凝土建生态友好型安置房的思路,并给出了建生态友好型安置房的几点建议。     

北京市民居室内气态多环芳烃呼吸暴露评价

采用被动采样装置采集并测定北京地区38个家庭采暖期和非采暖期室内空气中的7种气态多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量.结果表明,室内气态PAHs以2、3环组分为主,7种气态PAHs的总平均浓度为100 ng/m3左右.根据实测的PAHs浓度、不同年龄段人群室内平均停留时间及其相应的呼吸速率,计算得到室内成年人(包括老人)对7种气态PAHs的潜在总暴露速率在采暖期和非采暖期分别为66 ng/h和58 ng/h;而未成年人的潜在总暴露速率则分别为56 ng/h和50 ng/h.     

电化学传感器法监测室内空气中甲醛

通过用国家标准GB/T 18204.26-2000酚试剂分光光度法与电化学传感器原理的PPM-400 ST甲醛检测仪（PPM-Tech）相对比,并对可能影响甲醛检测仪监测结果的环境因素如空气中干扰物、风速、温度、湿度等进行研究。在95%置信度下,两种方法所得数据配对t检验的结果,差别无显著性意义;并将两种方法测得的数据进行相关分析,其回归方程式：y（传感器法）=0.004 6＋1.03x（酚试剂法）,相关系数为r=0.993 4。研究结果表明PPM-400 ST甲醛快速检测便携式仪器具有轻巧、方便、快捷、可靠、实时检测甲醛浓度的优点,检测结果与现有国家标准方法具有好的可比性。     

紫外光度法臭氧分析仪性能检查与问题处理

通过对Dasibi紫外光度法臭氧分析仪日常运行维护技术的归纳、统计和总结,整理了仪器性能检查和问题处理方法。希望对仪器的正常维护使用提供一些有益的参考。     

RA-915^＋型汞分析仪测定海水中的总汞

采用RA-915^＋型汞分析仪对海水中的总汞进行了测试。进行了线性关系、检出限、准确度、精密度、回收率等实验。实验结果表明,本方法检出限0．00002mg／L,在0—40000Pg范围内线性良好。本方法操作简单,灵敏度高,结果准确。     

盘溪河ToxScreen-Ⅱ测试法水体毒性沿程变化特征分析

应用ToxScreen-Ⅱ毒性分析仪发光细菌法对盘溪河水样进行毒性测试,分析其毒性沿程变化特征以及对嘉陵江水质的影响。结果表明,受污染物、流速、溶解氧等因素的影响,盘溪河水体生物毒性沿程表现出从无到有再到无的变化过程;虽然d3、d4、d5水体为微毒性,但入河口d7无毒性水体对嘉陵江水质影响较低。鉴于该仪器具有携带方便、操作简单、测试速度快、抗干扰力强等优点,建议在我市污染事故水体急性毒性分析及区域水质毒性变化预警监测中推广使用。     

某企业分析岗位职业病危害分析与控制

通过对某企业分析人员在取样过程、分析过程及样品处理过程中的职业危害进行识别与分析,提出了分析人员在作业过程中应采取的个体防护措施及工程上的预防与控制措施。