国外武器装备激光隐身评价方法研究

世界军事发达国家在激光隐身技术的测试和评价手段中,大多数是利用三维激光雷达成像原理,对自然条件下大型复杂目标的激光散射特性进行了研究。根据激光散射特性的研究结果,对激光隐身效果、性能进行了有效评估。预测了激光隐身测试与评价技术的发展趋势。     

滇池水体总悬浮物散射系数参数化模型

总悬浮物的散射系数是水体非常重要的固有光学量之一,散射系数的参数化研究,对于水体生物光学模型的构建具有非常重要的意义.2009年9月对滇池水体25个样点进行野外采样,对滇池水体水质参数、悬浮物的吸收、散射特征进行分析,并利用乘幂模型对散射系数进行参数化,分析了模型精度与色素颗粒物吸收之间的关系,进而改进乘幂模型.结果表明,在色素颗粒物吸收较强的波段,普通乘幂模型的平均相对误差为0.08,模型改进后相对误差缩小为0.02;在色素颗粒物吸收较弱的波段,会出现模型的过修正,这主要取决于色素颗粒物的吸收,因此,没有必要对乘幂模型进行修正.     

废水中铜的纳米金共振散射光谱分析

在HAc-NaAc介质中,二价铜被抗坏血酸还原成亚铜离子,并与新铜试剂生成黄色的络合物,该络合物对纳米金在580nm处的共振散射光有较强的吸收,导致其共振散射强度降低,其共振散射强度降低值ΔI与铜的浓度成线性关系,据此建立一种测定痕量铜的共振散射光谱分析方法。在选定条件下,铜含量在0.02～2.54μg/mL范围内与ΔI值呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程为ΔI580nm=87.2C+2.2,相关系数R为0.9983,检出限为0.001μg/mL,用于废水中铜的测定,结果满意。     

Correction model for CO detection in the coal combustion loss process in mines based on GWO-SVM

Accurate detection of CO gas is crucial to the prevention of coal combustion. Tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a reliable method for CO detection during coal combustion. The influences of temperature and pressure cause changes in the line strength and linewidth of the index gases’ absorption spectra, leading to sizable measurement errors. To correct the distortion of the CO absorption spectrum caused by temperature and pressure fluctuation, a compensation model based on the grey wolf optimizer–support vector machine (GWO–SVM) was proposed. The results were compared with those of the single SVM, the back propagation neural network (BPNN), and multiple regression analysis (MRA). MRA was revealed to result in the lowest accuracy, which indicated that MRA is not ideal for compensation in TDLAS. The hyperparameter selection of the SVM had the disadvantages of randomness and blindness, which led to instability and large errors. The BPNN achieved better correction in the training stage, but severe overfitting occurred in the testing stage. The modified results revealed that the GWO–SVM model had higher accuracy and stability than the other models. It effectively inhibited the effects of temperature and pressure on the measured concentration and greatly improved the measurement accuracy. The equipment is thus suitable for CO gas detection with the aim to preventing coal combustion loss, and it can be further applied to loss prevention in other process fields.     

各向异性介质圆柱的散射特性研究

利用电磁场的多尺度理论,将各向异性介质重构为各向同性介质,首次得到了各向异性介质圆柱体散射场和散射宽度的解析表达式,并对其有效性进行了理论验证;研究了介电常数张量等因素对散射宽度的影响;仿真结果表明,各向异性介质圆柱体的前向散射及其与入射波垂直的方向散射较强,极化方向上的介电常数对散射有着较大的影响,分析了其产生的物理...     

新型低表面能涂层制备及紫外光照射研究

以自制氟硅聚合物为芯材,脲醛树脂为壁材,通过原位聚合法制备一种微胶囊.将其添加到涂料中制备出长效低表面能涂层.涂层的表面能低,与水接触角可达120°.涂层经紫外线照射400h后,其接触角下降不明显,表面能几乎不发生变化.     

Factors affecting the adoption of multiple climate‐smart agricultural practices in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India

Climate change poses a major threat to agricultural production and food security in India, and climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) is crucial in addressing the potential impacts. Using survey data from 1,267 farm households in 25 villages from Bihar and Haryana in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains, this study analyzes the factors that determine the probability and level of adoption of multiple CSA practices, including seeds of stress‐tolerant varieties, minimum tillage, laser land leveling, site‐specific nutrient management and crop diversification. We applied a multivariate probit model for the simultaneous multiple adoption decisions, and ordered probit models for assessing the factors affecting the level of adoption. The adoption of the various CSA practices is interrelated, whereas several factors, including household characteristics, plot characteristics, market access and major climate risks are found to affect the probability and level of CSA adoption. Climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) adoption and its intensity also vary significantly between eastern Bihar, which is relatively poor and densely populated, and north‐western Haryana. Engaging multiple stakeholders such as farmers, agricultural institutions, agricultural service providers and concerned government departments at the local level is crucial for the large‐scale uptake of CSA. The study, therefore, calls for agricultural policy reforms so that most of the issues related to the uptake of CSA can be adequately addressed.     

半圆形凸起地形对SH波的散射与地震动 --有多个浅埋圆孔情形

采用"契合"的思想,给出了地下多个孔洞与地面上的半圆形凸起地形对SH波散射问题的解答.将整个求解区域分割成两部分来处理,其一为包括半圆形凸起地形在内的一个圆形区域I,其余为区域Ⅱ.在区域Ⅰ中,构造了一个上半部边界应力为零,而其余部分位移、应力任意的驻波解;在区域Ⅱ中,构造了半圆形凹陷和浅埋圆孔的散射波,且要求它满足水平界面上应力为零的约束条件.然后再通过移动坐标,满足"公共边界"的"契合"条件和地下孔洞的边界条件,建立起求解该问题的无穷代数方程组.最后,给出了分析例题和数值结果,并对地表位移幅值进行了讨论.     

A Cost‐Effective Laser Scanning Method for Mapping Stream Channel Geometry and Roughness

This brief pilot study implements a camera‐based laser scanning system that potentially offers a viable, cost‐effective alternative to traditional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and LiDAR equipment. We adapted a low‐cost laser ranging system (SICK LSM111) to acquire area scans of the channel and bed for a temporarily diverted stream. The 5 m × 2 m study area was scanned at a 4 mm point spacing which resulted in a point cloud density of 5,600 points/m². A local maxima search algorithm was applied to the point cloud and a grain size distribution of the stream bed was extracted. The 84th and 90th percentiles of this distribution, which are commonly used to characterize channel roughness, were 90 mm and 109 mm, respectively. Our example shows the system can resolve both large‐scale geometry (e.g., bed slope and channel width) and small‐scale roughness elements (e.g., grain sizes between about 30 and 255 mm) in an exposed stream channel thereby providing a resolution adequate for the estimation of ecohydraulic roughness parameters such as Manning's n. While more work is necessary to refine our specific field‐deployable system's design, these initial results are promising in particular for those working on a limited or fixed budget. This opens up a realm of laser scanning applications and monitoring strategies for water resources that may not have been possible previously due to cost limitations associated with traditional TLS systems.     

基于Kinect的地铁乘客不安全行为识别方法与实验*

为解决地铁视频监控技术对乘客不安全行为只记录不识别且较少考虑识别精确度的问题,提出1种基于Kinect传感器的高效识别方法。以Pelvis为向量起点和动作活动高频关节为终点构建识别特征向量;运用余弦定理获得标准动作与测试动作关节的最大角度差序列;以最大角度差为动作特征量建立相似度计算模型,运用动态时间规整算法（DTW）将初始结果转换为动作相似度。以相连关节法为对照组开展对比实验,结果表明:前者在抽烟、挥拳、挥手呼救等行为识别的准确度分别为91.7%,86.9%,89.2%,平均比对照组高4%以上,显著提高了地铁乘客不安全行为的识别率,可为地铁智能安全管控提供理论与技术依据。