催化氧化法预处理苯胺类废水

用Fenton试剂催化氧化法预处理染化厂含苯胺类物质的废水。对影响废水中苯胺类物质去除率的各种因素进行了考察，结果表明，在常温下当废水中苯胺类物质的含量为800mg/L时，在pH为3．5、H2O2和Fe^2 用量分别为28mmol/L和2.8mmol/L的条件下，苯胺类物质的去除率可达98.0%，COD去除率达到76％，废水的BOD5／BODcr值由0提高到0.32，显著地提高了废水的可生化性。     

ABR反应器处理苯胺黑药废水及其微生物种群结构

苯胺黑药广泛用作铅锌硫化矿浮选捕收剂，是一种难生化降解浮选药剂.为考察苯胺黑药的厌氧降解行为，采用ABR(厌氧序批式折流板反应器)对苯胺黑药进行处理，利用扫描电镜研究不同隔室中颗粒污泥的性状，并采用Miseq高通量测序的方法分析起主要作用的隔室中的微生物群落组成.结果表明，在进水ρ(苯胺黑药)和ρ(COD_Cr)有一定波动情况下，苯胺黑药和COD_Cr去除率在各阶段均呈增加趋势. 100 d成功启动后运行稳定；HRT(水力停留时间)为24 h时，苯胺黑药和COD_Cr去除率分别为67%~71%和68%~73%.反应器内出现大量颗粒污泥，沿水流方向颗粒污泥粒径分布逐渐减小，颗粒污泥规则、密实，不会流失. Miseq高通量测序结果表明，反应器第1格和第2格中绿弯菌门菌群所占比例(分别为24.73%和33.60%)最大，其次是厚壁菌门(分别为24.17%和20.92%)和变形菌门(分别为18.93%和20.88%)；在属的水平检测到Caldisericum、Leptolinea、Leuconostoc和Bacillus等，使得反应器具有较好的耐冲击负荷和良好的降解作用.研究表明，ABR对苯胺黑药有良好的去除作用.      

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol,nitrobenzene and aniline over the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as catalysts

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is one of effective technologies to eliminate hazardous, toxic and highly concentrated organic compounds in the wastewater. In the paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized by O₃, were used as catalysts in the absence of any metals to investigate the catalytic activity in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol, nitrobenzene (NB) and aniline at the mild operating conditions (reaction temperature of 155°C and total pressure of 2.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The MWCNTs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), gas adsorption measurements (BET), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The functionalized MWCNTs showed good catalytic performance. In the CWAO of phenol over the functionalized MWCNTs, total phenol removal was obtained after 90 min run, and the reaction apparent activation energy was ca. 40 kJ·mol^-1. The NB was not removed in the CWAO of single NB, while ca. 97% NB removal was obtained and 40% NB removal was attributed to the catalytic activity after 180 min run in the presence of phenol. Ca. 49% aniline conversion was achieved after 120 min run in the CWAO of aniline.     

钠添加剂对NOxOUT工艺影响的研究

在苯胺废液流化床焚烧实验装置上进行了以尿素做还原剂的选择性非催化还原脱硝(NOxOUT)试验,研究了不同钠添加剂(Na2CO3、NaOH和NaCl)对脱硝率以及温度窗口的影响.结果显示:微量的钠添加剂即可明显促进脱硝反应,脱硝率随着钠添加剂用量的增加而升高,钠添加剂通过产生·OH活性基团从而促进脱硝反应,3种钠添加剂对脱硝效果促进作用大小依次为NaOH、Na2CO3、NaCl,在温度为900~950℃,氨氮比为1.5,空气过剩系数为1.0~1.2时,NOxOUT脱硝率达到最大值.利用热力学原理计算出NOxOUT脱硝反应的摩尔反应焓、摩尔反应吉布斯函数、化学平衡常数等热力学参数,结果表明NOxOUT脱硝是热力学可行的.     

桐壳基活性炭对水中苯胺的吸附性能研究

桐油加工过程中的副产品——桐壳由于含碳量高,可作为制备活性炭的理想原料之一,这是农林固废资源化综合利用的有效途径。本文考察了桐壳基活性炭对水中苯胺的吸附规律,以及在不同吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、活性炭投加量、溶液pH值等条件下,桐壳基活性炭对水中苯胺的吸附性能,希望能为桐壳的资源化综合利用及含苯胺废水的净化处理提供参考价值。     

碳纳米管催化湿式氧化苯酚和苯胺的研究

以多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)作为催化剂,在间歇反应装置中开展了催化湿式氧化苯酚和苯胺的活性和稳定性研究,并采用SEM和TEM对MWNTs的结构进行表征.结果表明.MWNTs-B在湿式氧化反应中是高活性、稳定性的催化剂.在160℃,2.5MPa,苯酚和苯胺的浓度分别为1 000 mg/L和12 000 mg/L,催化剂投加量为1.6 g/L条件下,MWNTs-B催化湿式氧化苯酚试验中,反应120 min,苯酚和COD去除率分别为100%和86%;相同条件下,湿式氧化苯胺试验中,反应120 min,苯胺和COD的去除率分别为83%和68%.MWNTs表面的官能团是MWNTs具有高催化活性的重要原因.     

三相流化床中人苍白杆菌与硝化菌对苯胺废水的共基质降解

将人苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum anthropi)降解苯胺的过程与硝化反应相结合,在三重环流三相流化床中实现共基质降解,充分降低废水中的苯胺和苯胺降解过程中产生的NH4 -N.以自行研制的聚氨酯填料为载体,研究了流化床内苯胺、DO以及NaHCO3等对该共基质降解过程的影响.挂膜过程中苯胺质量浓度下降和NH4 质量浓度上升,证明了此过程中人苍白杆菌生物膜优先形成,而且NH4 质量浓度先增后降反映了人苍白杆菌生物膜的形成为硝化菌生物膜的形成创造了条件.通过苯胺对硝化菌的抑制性实验发现,苯胺质量浓度从100 mg/L下降到4 mg/L的过程中,其对硝化菌的抑制作用由强变弱.当苯胺质量浓度小于4 mg/L时,对硝化菌无抑制作用.其中亚硝化细菌比硝化细菌活性恢复更快,表明硝化菌比亚硝化菌对苯胺的毒性抑制更为敏感.流化床高效的传氧能力可以改善硝化细菌摄O2的条件.DO 2～3 mg/L,pH=7.5～8.5及适当的NaHCO3添加量是苯胺与NH4 -N共基质降解的适合条件.此条件下进水COD和苯胺质量浓度分别为540 mg/L及210 mg/L左右时,出水能够达到国家一级排放标准.     

紫外光谱法测定苯酚与苯胺和对苯二酚

苯酚、苯胺和对苯二酚在紫外区具有吸收。文章采用紫外光谱法,分别对苯酚、笨胺和对苯二酚不同浓度的溶液进行紫外扫描,结果表明苯酚、苯胺和对苯二酚的最大吸收波长分别为269.9 nm,280.30 nm,289.40 nm,对于同种物质不同浓度的溶液,其最大吸收波长相同;波长一定的情况下,物质的浓度越高,吸光度越大。然后通过加和性试验,分别对40 mg/L苯酚溶液、30 mg/L苯胺溶液、50 mg/L对苯二酚溶液进行紫外线扫描,将其相应波长的吸光度加和,再对单组分浓度相同的三组分混合溶液进行扫描,将实际加和与理论加和相比较,得出三组分的吸光度具有加和性。     

Synergistic removal of aniline by carbon nanotubes and the enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6

Synergistic removal of aniline by carbon nanotubes and the enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6, a newly isolated bacterial strain for biodegrading aniline, was investigated. It showed that biodegradation rate of aniline was increased with the augment of protein concentration in cell-free extract of Delftia sp. XYJ6. The adsorption amount of aniline by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was slightly higher than that by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), however the adsorption amount of protein of Delftia sp. XYJ6 by MWCNTs was lower than that by SWCNTs. Much more amount of aniline could be removed by CE of Delftia sp. XYJ6 in the presence of SWCNTs than MWCNTs, which indicated that an efficient reaction between aniline and enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6 on the surface of SWCNTs played a key role in the rapid enzymatic biodegradation of aniline. This study is not previously reported and may be useful in basic research and the removal of aniline from wastewater.