Energy reduction of a submerged membrane bioreactor using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow-fiber membrane

The fiber length and packing density of the PTFE membrane element were increased. The MBR was stably operated under an SAD^m of 0.13 m³·m^-2·hr^-1. Specific energy consumption was estimated to be less than 0.4 kWh·m^-3. In this study, we modified a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow-fiber membrane element used for submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) to reduce the energy consumption during MBR processes. The high mechanical strength of the PTFE membrane made it possible to increase the effective length of the membrane fiber from 2 to 3 m. In addition, the packing density was increased by 20% by optimizing the membrane element configuration. These modifications improve the efficiency of membrane cleaning associated with aeration. The target of specific energy consumption was less than 0.4 kWh·m^-3 in this study. The continuous operation of a pilot MBR treating real municipal wastewater revealed that the MBR utilizing the modified membrane element can be stably operated under a specific air demand per membrane surface area (SAD_m) of 0.13 m³·m^-2·hr^-1 when the daily-averaged membrane fluxes for the constant flow rate and flow rate fluctuating modes of operation were set to 0.6 and 0.5 m³·m^-2·d^-1, respectively. The specific energy consumption under these operating conditions was estimated to be less than 0.37 kWh·m^-3. These results strongly suggest that operating an MBR equipped with the modified membrane element with a specific energy consumption of less than 0.4 kWh·m^-3 is highly possible.     

吸收液对中空纤维膜接触器回收尿液中氨氮的影响

采用中空纤维膜接触器（Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor, HFMC）回收尿液中的氨氮,系统研究了吸收液类型（H₃PO₄、H₂SO₄和HNO₃）对氨回收效能、水蒸气的跨膜通量和所获液体肥料的影响.结果表明,使用H₂SO₄作为吸收液时氨氮回收效能最优,其次是H₃PO₄和HNO₃.当采用H₂SO₄为吸收液时,氨氮回收率、氨跨膜通量和传质系数分别为84.49%±0.01%、22.92 g·m^-2·h^-1和2.37×10^-6 m·s^-1.HNO₃的挥发性使其从吸收液侧反向跨膜至料液侧,导致氨跨膜传质驱动力变小;此外,NH₃和HNO₃会在膜孔中反应并生成NH₄NO₃气溶胶,增加氨在膜孔中的传质阻力,导致氨氮的回收效能降低.对采用不同吸收液时膜两侧的水的活度差和理论水通量进行了计算,结果表明,随着氨氮的不断跨膜吸收,膜两侧的活度差和水通量逐渐增大,实验结束时水通量分别为7.44×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（H₃PO₄）、9.06×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（H₂SO₄）和2.00×10^-2 kg·m^-2·h^-1（HNO₃）.肥料组分分析表明,以H₂SO₄和HNO₃为吸收液可以获得仅含N素的单一液体肥料,以H₃PO₄作吸收液可获得N-P复合肥,（NH₄）₂HPO₄和NH₄H₂PO₄所占的比例分别为88.33%和11.67%.     

电-Fenton法预处理腈纶聚合废水的影响

采用电-Fenton法预处理腈纶聚合废水,研究了试验条件对污染物去除效果的影响. 阳极采用Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃网状极板,阴极采用网状钛板,对腈纶聚合废水进行电解处理. 分别考察了停留时间,电解电压,FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量和pH对废水中污染物去除效果的影响. 正交试验结果表明,各影响因素的影响程度大小为pH>电解电压>FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量;单因素试验结果表明,在电解电压为15 V,pH为5,FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量为1.44 mmol/L,电解时间为3 h时,腈纶聚合废水中COD_Cr的去除率为31.98%,丙烯腈的去除率为74.10%,出水c(Fe2+)为0.004 mmol/L,废水的ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)从0.05升至0.47,提高了废水的可生化性,为后续生化处理创造了条件.      

改性植被混凝土基材力学与植生试验研究

为探明羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)与麦秸秆纤维对植被混凝土基材力学与植生性能的影响,通过直剪试验、植生试验研究了改性后植被混凝土基材(简称改性基材)的抗剪性能与黑麦草生长性能.结果 表明:①改性基材的剪切强度随CMC掺量的增加呈先增后减的变化趋势,0.5％CMC掺量时基材的剪切强度出现峰值,而随纤维掺量的增加改性基材剪切强...     

活性炭纤维在油田采出废水处理中的应用

针对油田采出废水的特点,以粘胶基活性炭纤维为原料,经二次炭化和二次活化方式处理制得ACF样品。以ACF为过滤材料,对延长某采油厂经过沉降、分离处理后的采油废水进行动态吸附实验,实验结果表明:经水蒸汽二次活化得到的ACF样品对选用的油田废水处理效果最佳,其悬浮物颗粒粒径中值0.496μm(<1.0μm)、悬浮物含量为0.77mg/L(<1.0mg/L)。     

新管幕法下穿铁路既有线施工地表沉降监测

为避免新管幕法下穿铁路既有线施工所导致的轨面不平、列车晃车等铁路运营事故,以太原市迎泽大街下穿火车站通道工程为施工背景,考虑火车站内强电磁干扰环境对传统电磁、电容式传感器的影响,选用合适的光纤光栅传感器对地表沉降进行监测,设计了监测方案并搭建了监测系统,获得了施工引起的地表沉降数据,并用数值模拟方法研究了土体沉降,获得了地表横向距离沉降规律,对比论证了该监测技术的正确性和有效性。监测和计算结果表明,新管幕法施工引起的地表沉降呈漏斗状,中间大两头小,监测断面的最大沉降值为21.2 mm,在施工安全范围内。     

防空干道地下水作为化工工艺用水工程改造实例

防空干道地下水质YD390-400mg／l,TDS750 mg,／l,经强化纤维过滤-OR低压反渗透装置处理后水质达到钛白粉生产工艺用水标准。YD〈200mg/l,TDS〈450mg/l。工艺条件：处理量7000M^3／d,净水荆加入量1501／h,反渗透设计压力2．5Mpa,工作压力1．3Mpa,工作温度10℃-30℃,采用芳香族聚酰胺反渗透膜,设计压力4．0Mpa,工作压力1．5Mpa,工作温度10℃-40℃。同时,该处理系统占地面积小,工艺成熟,简洁、高效,在确保出水达标的同时降低了运行成本。在强化纤维过滤中采用GM多功能净水剂,具有絮凝快,分离速度快,分界清楚,浊度去除高。反渗透工序分离过程不需加热,没有相的变化,具有耗能较少,设备体积小、操作简单、适应性强,应用广泛。     

基于光纤免疫传感器的壬基酚快速检测方法

壬基酚（NP）作为一种内分泌干扰物,越来越受到人们的关注。基于倏逝波光纤免疫传感器,利用间接竞争免疫反应原理,建立了一种NP的快速检测方法。通过对预反应时间、进样时间及抗体质量浓度等反应条件进行优化,提高了检测方法的灵敏度。结果表明,检测标准曲线符合Logistic模型,NP的定量检测区间为41.7~487μg/L,检出限为20μg/L,检测方法的半抑制质量浓度（IC₅₀值）为143 μg/L。利用建立的检测方法对实际水样进行加标回收实验,回收率为86%~114%,表明该方法可用于较清洁水样中NP的快速检测。     

Effect of different pearling times on the quality of hull-less barley rice北大核心CSCD

Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Functional flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability for multipurpose oil-water separation

● A PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed. ● The property of flax fiber could be switched from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. ● The mechanism of the acquired UV-induced switchable wettability was discussed. ● The developed flax fiber was successfully used for multipurpose oil-water separation. The large number of oily wastewater discharges and oil spills are bringing about severe threats to environment and human health. Corresponding to this challenge, a functional PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed for efficient oil-water separation in this study. The developed flax fiber was obtained through PAA grafted polymerization and then ZnO-HDTMS nanocomposite immobilization. The as-prepared PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was hydrophobic initially and could be switched to hydrophilic through UV irradiation. Its hydrophobicity could be easily recovered through being stored in dark environment for several days. To optimize the performance of the PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber, the effects of ZnO and HDTMS concentrations on its switchable wettability were investigated. The optimized PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber had a large water contact angle (~130°) in air and an extremely small oil contact angle (~0°) underwater initially. After UV treatment, the water contact angle was decreased to 30°, while the underwater oil contact angle was increased to more than 150°. Based on this UV-induced switchable wettability, the developed PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was applied to remove oil from immiscible oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsion with great reusability for multiple cycles. Thus, the developed flax fiber could be further fabricated into oil barrier or oil sorbent for oil-water separation, which could be an environmentally-friendly alternative in oil spill response and oily wastewater treatment.