湿热、亚湿热地区气候环境条件对高分子材料的影响

通过高分子材料在广州、海南地区三年大气自然环境曝露试验与人工加速试验对比，探索该类地区气候环境条件对高分子材料老化的规律性的影响。     

实施《工伤保险条例》的难点及对策

针对深入贯彻实施《工伤保险条例》的情况,提出了当前存在的难点有：工伤认定政策放宽带来的难点以及工伤保险与预防、康复存在事实上的脱节现象。采取了5个方面的对策：实施教育及激励约束机制,加强工伤认定工作的研究,完善工伤保险中的事故预防机制,以及建立工伤预防基金,强化安全“三基”工作。     

巨枝人工林灌木层优势种的种间联结性分析

种间联结的研究对于人工林群落的生物多样性保育和可持续经营与管理具有重要的意义,目前对巨桉人工林灌木层物种之间的作用关系知之甚少。根据野外60个样方的调查数据,运用x^2检验、Jaccard指数和Spearman秩相关系数研究了巨桉（Eucalyptusgrandis）人工林灌木层18个优势种的种间关联和相关关系。结果表明,灌木层优势种具有总体上的正联结性,但在153个种对中,具有显著正联结性的种对数约占总种对数的10％,绝大数种对表现为弱联结性或无联结性,种间关系较为松散,表明巨桉林下灌木种群具有相对独立分布的特性。研究种间关系时,种间关联结合种间相关得出的结果较好。根据分析结果将18个优势种划分为4个生态种组,生态种组内的种其资源利用方式和生态要求相似,而组间表现出明显的差异。生态种组的划分能为巨桉人工林林下灌木层的管理提供理论依据。     

Tank-dependence of the functionality and network differentiation of activated sludge community in a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic municipal sewage treatment plant

● Environmental parameters affected functional bacteria and network associations. ● The structure and interactions of AS networks changed greatly within tanks. ● Anoxic co-occurrence network was more unstable and easily influenced. ● Composition of functional bacteria had a seasonal succession pattern. ● Tetrasphaera was the major PAO in spring and winter leading a better P removal. Understanding the structures and dynamics of bacterial communities in activated sludge (AS) in full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is of both engineering and ecological significance. Previous investigations have mainly focused on the AS communities of WWTP aeration tanks, and the differences and interactions between the communities in anaerobic and anoxic tanks of the AS system remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the structures of bacterial communities and their inter-connections in three tanks (anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic) and influent from a full-scale WWTP with conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A/A/O) process over a year to explore their functionality and network differentiation. High-throughput sequencing showed that community compositions did not differ appreciably between the different tanks, likely due to the continuous sludge community interchange between tanks. However, network analysis showed significant differences in inter-species relationships, OTU topological roles, and keystone populations in the different AS communities. Moreover, the anoxic network is expected to be more unstable and easily affected by environmental disturbance. Tank-associated environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrients, were found to affect the relative abundance of functional genera (i.e., AOB, NOB, PAOs, and denitrifiers), suggesting that these groups were more susceptible to environmental variables than other bacteria. Therefore, this work could assist in improving our understanding of tank-associated microbial ecology, particularly the response of functional bacteria to seasonal variations in WWTPs employing A/A/O process.     

颗粒层非稳态过滤捕集效率的研究

为计算颗粒层非稳态过滤效率,通过改进经典过滤理论模型,考虑颗粒在过滤介质中的沉积,理论推导得出非稳态过滤效率的计算公式,而经典颗粒层过滤效率计算公式仅为此计算公式的特例。因为理论计算公式是隐函数,不便于工程实际应用,所以,在常温条件下,对非稳态过滤时的过滤时间、过滤风速、过滤层厚度、粉尘浓度和颗粒层滤料均粒径等五个因素进行了正交实验研究。采用多元回归的方法得出各影响因素与过滤效率呈显性关系的效率关联计算公式,其计算结果与实验测试结果基本吻合。     

Measuring mate choice using correlation: the effect of female sampling behaviour

For intersexual selection to occur, it is necessary that females choose between males. It is now well appreciated that constraints exist, which preclude females sampling all the available males in a population. These constraints are likely to have caused the evolution of sampling rules (such as the “best-of-n” rule) by which females sample males. Here we investigate the impact of female subsampling of the male population, not on the evolution of sampling behaviour, but on the population-level correlation between a male trait and currencies such as reproductive success. This study is important as it illustrates when population-level correlations can be safely used to infer the presence and strength of sexual selection in the field. We find that the correlation between a male trait and a mate choice variable rises steeply as the number of males sampled by each female increases, flattening above seven to ten males sampled. This shape is found to be remarkably robust, and little affected by, for example, the mate choice variable used, by noise in assessment, by sampling behaviour depending on female quality, or by population size. The only variable found to have a large impact is male clumping according to their “quality”. If females are sampling about four males, the maximum correlation that can be found at the population level is in the range 0.4–0.6, perhaps as little as 0.1 if males are strongly clumped. A recent review of the literature suggests that four is the average number of males that females sample. Thus, the absence of a strong correlation cannot by itself be used to infer that sexual selection is weak, as it may be due to females sampling few males. Received: 18 May 1998 / Accepted after revision: 18 July 1998     

双叔胺缔合相变-两步反萃法处理萘磺酸系废液

用双步胺缔合相变-两步反革法处理茶磺酸系废液，以自制的2，4-二（N，N-二丁基）氨基十二烷基苯（HG-1）作相变试剂，考察了缔合相变法和两步反萃法的处理效果。实验结果表明：在萘磺酸系废液pH小于等于2的条件下，与三辛胺相比，用HG-1处理萘磺酸系废液可将循环处理次数减少2～3次，循环处理效率提高40%-60%，萃取罐的容积利用率可提高40%。G盐废液、NH2-J酸废液、T酸母液及脱硝废液的COD去除率分别可达99.40%,96.73%,97.77%,99.20%；在氨水加入量为20mL条件下，两步反萃法可从NH2-J酸废液中分出14mL无机盐水相，并可得到7g硫酸铵，分出无机盐水相后的萘磺酸浓缩液体体积比传统的一步反萃法减小了44%。     

我国水泥工业大气污染物排放标准的修订历程与思考

国家近期修订发布了GB 4915-2013《水泥工业大气污染物排放标准》,这是自1985年首次发布标准以来的第三次修订.本文回顾了我国水泥工业大气污染物排放标准制修订历程,重点分析了环境保护形势和环境管理思路的变化对标准内容和表现形式的影响,提出了标准制订原则,以及对标准制订中关键问题的把握,它们共同构成了我国排放标准的制定规则,对于完善我国排放标准制订理论和方法,提高环境管理和污染控制水平,具有重要意义.     

基于FP-growth算法的高校群体性突发事件关联规则分析

为有效预防高校群体性突发事件,借助数据挖掘关联规则挖掘理论,在分析高校突发事件关键诱发因素基础上,构建基于FP-growth算法的高校群体性突发事件关联规则挖掘模型。并将模型应用于事务数据库数据的分析中,研究关键诱发因素间关联关系,实现强关联规则输出。研究结果表明,多数高校群体性突发事件的发生与日期没有必然联系;内部管理因素、内外部突发事件、内部突发事件、政治因素是诱发高校群体性突发事件的主要因素,且外部因素导致的群体性突发事件影响力远远超过内部因素的影响力;当突发事件发生后,应急处置的有效性是决定突发事件影响力的重要因素。