沉积物中双酚类化合物的测定

通过前处理与检测条件的全面优化,建立了一种同时实现环境沉积物中9种痕量双酚类化合物的加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱/三重四极杆质谱(HPLC/MSMS)检测方法。沉积物样品先采用甲醇作为溶剂,在70℃条件下进行加速溶剂萃取,萃取液约100 mL,加入甲酸调节pH约为2.5,再经Oasis型HLB固相萃取柱富集与净化,该过程可将沉积物的基质效应控制在85%～95%之间。9种目标化合物在0.05～25.0μg/L(以双酚AF计)范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r>0.999,检出限为0.01～0.25μg/kg,加标回收率为62%～122%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～12.7%。     

胶州湾沉积物中的磷及其环境指示意义

研究了胶州湾沉积物中磷形态的地球化学分布特征、控制因素及环境意义,将胶州湾沉积物中的磷分为可交换态磷、铝结合态磷、铁结合态磷、闭蓄态磷、自生钙磷、碎屑态磷和有机磷7种不同的形态,并结合210Pb测年法计算了不同年代各形态磷的埋藏通量,在此基础上,分析了胶州湾沉积物中磷所给出的环境信息.结果表明,无机磷是胶州湾沉积物中磷的主要形态,有机磷只占较小的比例,无机磷中钙磷占的比例相对较大,其中碎屑态磷是含量最高.磷的含量及埋藏通量的垂向分布受到pH、盐度、温度、生物扰动、沉积速率等环境因子的影响.相关分析及元素的OC/OP比值分析证明,近20a,陆源输入是胶州湾沉积物主要来源,并且沉积速率不断增大.由于近年来采取的较为得力的治污与排放措施,胶州湾的环境状况已有明显改观.研究还表明,Fe-P,Al-P和Oc-P的含量与海域污染程度有较密切的关系,可作为表征海洋沉积环境污染状况的指示因子之一.     

新型高阶Boussinesq方程的一维数值模型及其实验验证

基于刘忠波等(2004)推导的新型高阶Boussinesq方程,建立了预报-校正差分格式的数值模型。为考察该数值模型的适用性,针对较大坡度的潜堤上的波浪传播变形进行了数值研究。将数值结果与实验结果进行比较,二者较为吻合,验证了本文的数值模型,同时也说明本方程可用于模拟较陡地形的波浪变形。     

调整已有地震动拟和规范反应谱人造地震动方法比较

利用已有的地震记录调整得到拟和规范反应谱的人造地震动的方法越来越得到广泛的认可和应用。常用的方法包括比较粗略的比例调整法、比较精确的调整傅里叶幅值谱法、基于小波变换的调整方法和时域内叠加小波函数的方法等。本文详细介绍了各种谱拟和方法的原理以及实现过程中的难点;通过算例分析,对各种方法的优缺点进行了探讨。结果表明:当已有地震动反应谱与规范反应谱相差较大时,可先采用比例调整法粗调,然后再采用其他三种比较精确的方法继续进行调整;后三种方法都能快速地由实际地震动时程纪录得到拟和规范反应谱的人造地震动时程,并一定程度上保留原始时程的非平稳特征;相比之下,时域内叠加小波函数的方法精度最高,调整完后不用进行基线调整,是一种值得推荐的方法。     

玻璃纤维-砂浆管试件动态拉伸破坏特性试验研究

为了探究动载作用下GFRP（玻璃纤维）-砂浆管的动态拉伸破坏特性,采用分离式SHPB试验装置对2种空心率的水泥砂浆管和GFRP-砂浆管进行动态拉伸试验。结果表明:空心率越小、冲击气压和壁厚越大,试件峰值抗拉强度越大;GFRP-砂浆管的峰值抗拉强度随GFRP管壁厚的增大而不断增大,在空心率为0.292时,峰值抗拉强度随GFRP管壁厚增大呈对数函数递增,而在空心率0.187时,峰值抗拉强度随GFRP管壁厚增大呈指数函数递增;无GFRP管时水泥砂浆管呈对称四块破碎,GFRP-砂浆管在0.5~0.7 MPa冲击气压下仅有细小裂纹产生,在0.8 MPa冲击气压下,与入射杆接触部分产生“楔形”破坏,但总体保持为管状、破坏程度仍低于水泥砂浆管,表明GFRP管对水泥砂浆管具有较好的保护作用,可有效提高其动态抗拉强度。     

Decadal and Episodic Changes in Morphology and Migration of the Confluence Bar of Two Alluvial Rivers in Louisiana,USA

Past research on fluvial dynamics at the confluence of two alluvial rivers has mainly focused on downstream flow structure and bed scoring, often using laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. Little is investigated about yearly and episodic dynamics of confluence mouth bars that can affect downstream morphology using field measurements. In this study, we analyzed the migration of a confluence mouth bar of two free meandering alluvial rivers, the Amite and Comite Rivers in coastal Louisiana, USA from 2002 to 2017. Remote sensing images were utilized to investigate the decade‐long morphologic changes. To assess episodic dynamics, we employed terrestrial laser scanning measurements to acquire high‐accuracy digital elevation models at the confluence before and after three floods in 2017. Our study found that the Amite‐Comite confluence mouth bar migrated downstream 55 m in the past 15 years, and its angle reduced by 55° from 100° to 45°. The fast migration was a result of sediment deposition and channel deformation around the confluence mainly during the years when the tributary‐to‐main channel discharge was lower (<0.25). The study further reveals that a single moderate flood could strongly affect the mouth bar, as shown by an increase of the projected surface area by 114% and an increase of volume of the confluence mouth bar by 68%.     

环境适应性试验项目的选择

介绍低气压试验、高低温试验、湿热试验、IP防护等级试验、振动试验、冲击和碰撞试验、盐雾试验等试验项目的考核目的和相应试验参数,分析上述试验项目的适用范围。并根据当前产品的发展状况,简单介绍环境试验项目的组合和试验顺序。     

Fractionation and speciation of arsenic in three tea gardens soil profiles and distribution of As in different parts of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)

The distribution pattern and fractionation of arsenic (As) in three soil profiles from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) gardens located in Karbi-Anglong (KA), Cachar (CA) and Karimganj (KG) districts in the state of Assam, India, were investigated depth-wise (0-10, 10-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm). DTPA-extractable As was primarily restricted to surface horizons. Arsenic speciation study showed the presence of higher As(V) concentrations in the upper horizon and its gradual decrease with the increase in soil depths, following a decrease of Eh. As fractionation by sequential extraction in all the soil profiles showed that arsenic concentrations in the three most labile fractions (i.e., water-soluble, exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions) were generally low. Most arsenic in soils was nominally associated with the organic and Fe-Mn oxide fractions, being extractable in oxidizing or reducing conditions. DTPA-extractable As (assumed to represent plant-available As) was found to be strongly correlated to the labile pool of As (i.e. the sum of the first three fractions). The statistical comparison of means (two-sample t-test) showed the presence of significant differences between the concentrations of As(III) and As(V) for different soil locations, depths and fractions. The risk assessment code (RAC) was found to be below the pollution level for all soils. The measurement of arsenic uptake by different parts of tea plants corroborated the hypothesis that roots act as a buffer and hold back contamination from the aerial parts.     

考虑滑移的锈蚀混凝土偏压构件抗弯刚度模型

对锈蚀混凝土偏压构件抗弯刚度退化的影响因素进行了研究,采用刚度解析法对粘结性能退化后偏压构件的截面刚度进行了理论分析,引入了锈蚀钢筋滑移的粘结退化综合影响系数,建立了考虑滑移的锈蚀钢筋混凝土偏压构件抗弯刚度的计算模型。经试验验证,模型的抗弯刚度计算值与试验实测值结果吻合较好,故模型计算值可为锈蚀混凝土偏心受压构件性能的评估提供参考。     

搅拌棒萃取-热脱附/气质联用法测定水中2-MIB和土臭素

采用搅拌棒萃取-热脱附/气质联用法测定水中2-甲基异莰醇和土臭素,优化了搅拌棒萃取和热脱附进样的条件。试验表明：两种目标化合物在1．00 ng/L～200 ng/L范围内线性良好,2-甲基异莰醇的相关系数为0．9993,土臭素的相关系数为0．9997,方法检出限分别为0．31 ng/L和0．15 ng/L;空白和实际样品的加标回收率为82．4％～116％,测定结果的RSD＜10％。