某钢厂转炉煤气回收系统电气安全控制

转炉煤气回收是冶金企业生产中的重要环节,通过转炉煤气回收可以减少能源浪费,是企业节能降耗的重要措施之一。但在转炉煤气回收过程中涉及许多安全控制问题,如果回收的各个环节控制不当,就会发生煤气爆炸、中毒等重大事故。本文对某钢厂转炉煤气回收系统的安全控制进行分析,重点论述煤气回收系统中的电气控制问题。     

“安全科学技术”一级学科修订

介绍《学科分类与代码》国家标准中"安全科学技术"一级学科经过5年完成了制定,简述颁布16年后的实施及实践活动。近3年,经过多方研讨、论证,于2009年5月完成了"安全科学技术"一级学科的修订工作。通过该学科重新修订,进一步理顺了下属学科的名称、层次和隶属关系,增设多个(包括公共安全)二级学科和三级学科,使学科内容更加丰富、系统和完整。《学科分类与代码》国家标准GB/T13745—2009(代替GB/T13745—1992)的颁布实施,使"安全科学技术"一级学科在我国科教界的地位进一步巩固、发展和完善。     

某公路隧道围岩稳定性及支护方式分析

跟踪某隧道施工,进行地质素描和节理统计,通过赤平投影分析节理发育分布规律,建立岩体结构模型;根据隧道围岩结构模型,运用离散元分析方法计算围岩稳定性,并结合现场塌方分析围岩破坏模式。通过离散元分析及时支护和无支护情况下围岩稳定性,探讨钢格栅锚杆组合进行初次支护的力学机理;根据现场钢格栅承受压力和隧道收敛监测,分析某隧道施工中围岩和支护体系的稳定性,总结出隧道施工中安全事故的主要原因,并给出合理的支护建议。     

地震灾情短信编码的初步研究

为了充分发挥地震灾情短信的信息负载功能,更全面地获取震后灾情信息,在对现有地震灾情短信代码介绍和分析的基础上,探讨了基于地震灾情现象的短信代码的设计原则和方法。确定了采用线分类法对地震灾情现象进行分类分级,并制定了分类分级的判断标志,然后,根据分类分级结果采用层次编码方式进行了短信代码的编制,设计了应用于不同对象的专业人员代码和公众代码。最后,阐述了如何使用这些地震灾情短信代码进行灾情上报及其对于地震应急工作的意义。     

Brief exposure to copper induces apoptosis and alters mediators of olfactory signal transduction in coho salmon

Pacific salmon are particularly susceptible to copper (Cu)-induced olfactory injuries that can ultimately inhibit neurobehaviors critical to survival. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cu-mediated olfactory impairment remain poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted a short-term Cu exposure at levels relevant to urban runoff (5, 25 and 50 ppb) , and investigated the roles of impaired olfactory signal transduction and induced apoptosis as underlying mechanisms of olfactory injury. Increased cell death in the olfactory epithelium was evident in coho receiving 4 h exposures to 25 and 50 ppb Cu. Expression of olfactory marker protein (omp), a marker of mature olfactory sensory neurons, also decreased at 50 ppb Cu. Immunohistochemical analysis of coho olfactory epithelium demonstrated a loss of type 3 adenylate cyclase (ACIII) in the apical olfactory epithelium cilia at all levels of Cu exposure, suggesting an inhibitory effect of Cu in olfactory signaling. Accompanying the loss of ACIII in Cu-exposed coho were reduced intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the olfactory rosettes. Collectively, these results support a linkage among the initial steps of olfactory signaling in Cu-induced salmon olfactory injury, and suggesting that monitoring olfactory cGMP levels may aid in the assessment of salmon olfactory injury.     

Linear alkylbenzenes in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta (China) and their application as anthropogenic molecular markers in coastal environments

The average concentrations of ∑LABs (sum of C₁₀-C₁₃-LABs) in runoff samples collected from the eight major riverine outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China ranged from 1.4 to 6124 ng/L in the dissolved phase and from 0.01 to 11.4 μg/g dry weight in the particulate phase during March 2005-February 2006. The annual riverine flux of ∑LABs from the PRD to the coastal ocean was estimated at approximately 14 tons/yr. The inventories of ∑LABs in agricultural lands of Guangdong Province ranged from 313 to 1825 kg/yr. The early and late rice fields were the major sink of LABs, accounting for approximately 68% of total LABs inventory in agricultural lands. The social-economically estimated annual discharge of LABs from household detergents in the PRD was ∼696 tons/yr, more than an order of magnitude higher than that estimated from field measurements (about 14 tons/yr), which was attributed to several factors.     

赤子爱胜蚓对不同浓度四溴双酚A代谢的急性与亚急性毒性响应

运用核磁共振一维氢谱研究不同浓度四溴双酚A(TBBPA)急性暴露与亚急性暴露对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的代谢影响.通过设置不同剂量TBBPA进行急性暴露和亚急性暴露,运用正交偏最小二乘投影分析法(OPLS)比较急性和亚急性暴露下蚯蚓的代谢差异,研究蚯蚓代谢水平与暴露剂量的关系,以找出差异代谢物作为TBBPA毒性效应的代谢标志物.结果表明,急性暴露和亚急性暴露均能很好地区分不同剂量染毒组间的代谢差异,且TBBPA暴露剂量越大,蚯蚓体内代谢与空白组的差异越大.急性暴露和亚急性暴露后,亮氨酸、赖氨酸和甜菜碱等代谢物剂量随TBBPA剂量增加的变化趋势是一致的,亚急性暴露中的变化幅度大于急性暴露.TBBPA暴露剂量为100 mg·kg~(-1)时,赤子爱胜蚓受到毒害作用,体内代谢物变化显著,代谢平衡遭到破坏,差异代谢物对毒性效应的指示作用比较敏感.甜菜碱、亮氨酸和赖氨酸可作为标志性代谢物揭示TBBPA对赤子爱胜蚓在渗透压调节、能量供给以及免疫功能方面的毒性效应,为进一步探索TBBPA毒性机理提供理论基础.     

绿色荧光蛋白分子标记在环境微生物学研究中的应用

绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)分子标记是现有遗传标记中最简单方便的一种方法，GFP及GFP突变体在微生物降解污染物、生物膜菌群构架、环境生态学和环境检测生物传感器等研究领域取得了很好的应用效果。     

3D Voronoi等效晶质模型在岩石破坏细观研究中的应用

基于3D Voronoi图提出一种能够反映岩石矿物晶粒结构的三维精细化建模方法,分析了晶粒排列均匀化程度及大小等微观结构的变化对模型宏观力学性质的影响程度,并进行了晶粒结构优化设计。通过模拟粉砂质板岩单轴压缩和巴西劈裂的破坏过程,以及与室内试验对比验证了其适用性,并从细观角度揭示了岩石的破坏机理。研究结果表明:通过裂纹生长速率大致可以表征室内试验中弹性变形、非弹性变形和峰值后宏观破坏阶段;岩样在单轴压缩和巴西劈裂破坏过程中以拉伸断裂为主,在宏观上表现为脆性断裂;岩样宏观断裂呈现沿晶和穿晶断裂的组合形态,弹性变形阶段裂纹的萌生和扩展以沿晶断裂为主,而穿晶断裂的扩展和贯通往往导致局部失稳,表现为非弹性变形阶段。     

Supplier codes of conduct: Company authorization of subcontractors

Companies continue to build greater sustainability and transparency in their supply chains to increase their business value and to respond to greater stakeholder pressures and expectations to increase sustainability and transparency. As company supply chains have grown and expanded, which presents increased challenges for building greater transparency, it is possible that the use of subcontractors in supply chains has also increased. The amount and impact of subcontracting conducted in supply chains may be of greater concern to certain companies and/or sectors than others, and it may have an important impact on their sustainability efforts. This article assesses the extent to which supplier codes of conduct apply to the use of subcontractors and include a requirement for suppliers to obtain prior company approval or authorization before subcontractors conduct work. Based on a review of more than 50 supplier codes of conduct, the companies that are highlighted in this article for including this requirement are primarily in the apparel/footwear, food, pharmaceuticals, and/or retail sectors. The article asserts that supplier codes of conduct that include requirements for suppliers to protect and safeguard confidential business information could be strengthened to further protect the company's products, integrity, and reputation/brand and increase its competitiveness and resilience by also including a requirement of prior approval or authorization of a supplier's use of subcontractors.