层次分析法应用于黑龙江省生态环境质量评价研究

将层次分析法应用于生态省建设指标体系的研究,构建了黑龙江省生态省建设指标体系.采用专家调查问卷的方式构造判断矩阵,应用MATLAB6.5计算软件编程,确定了各指标的权重.运用环境质量综合指数模型,对黑龙江省的生态环境质量进行分级,评价黑龙江省生态省建设所取得的进展.结果表明,应用层次分析法定量地评价省域范围生态环境质量是切实可行的,黑龙江省自开展生态省建设以来,生态环境得到了明显改善.     

蠕虫在膜生物反应器和活性污泥法中的污泥减量研究

通过长达345d的中试规模试验,研究比较了蠕虫在膜生物反应器(MBR)和活性污泥法(CAS)的生长状况及其导致的污泥减量效果.CAS中的蠕虫生长状况明显优于MBR的蠕虫生长状况.MBR曝气池中平均蠕虫密度(10条·mg-1)远低于CAS曝气池中平均蠕虫密度(71条·mg-1),并且CAS中蠕虫连续保持高密度(>30条·mg-1)生长达172d.CAS中红斑瓢体虫和仙女虫交替成为优势蠕虫.蠕虫生长对MBR的污泥产率(0 40kg·kg-1)和污泥沉降性能(污泥沉降指数133mL·g-1)影响很小,但却能显著减少CAS的污泥产率(0 17kg·kg-1)和改善污泥沉降性能(污泥沉降指数为60mL·g-1).仙女虫比红斑瓢体虫能更大地减少污泥产量和更好地改善污泥沉降性能.蠕虫生长不影响MBR的COD去除率和出水水质,但却显著影响CAS的COD去除率和出水水质.     

净化铁锰氨生物滤池内氨氮转化途径

为考察净化铁锰氨生物滤池内NH₄+-N的转化途径,利用氮素计量关系和沿程试验研究了净化铁锰氨生物滤池内产生TN_loss(氮损失)的原因和NH₄+-N转化途径. 结果表明,净化铁锰氨生物滤池内DO消耗异常,TN_loss不守恒,当进水ρ(NH₄+-N)平均值分别为1.262、2.296、3.111 mg/L时,NLR(氮损失率)分别能达到7.89%、12.91%、17.73%. 利用硝化反应和CANON(全程自养脱氮)方程式计算得出理论TN_loss和TDOC(理论耗氧量),与实际TN_loss和ADOC(实际耗氧量)的差值分别小于±0.030、±0.10 mg/L,各阶段NH₄+-N 通过CANON途径转化的比例分别为48.58%、60.77%、68.10%,硝化反应和CANON途径共同参与了NH₄+-N转化. 沿程试验结果表明,整个试验阶段,NO₂--N在滤层中均有积累,并在滤层厚度为10~18 cm内出现NO₂--N和NH₄+-N共存的现象,进一步证明CANON途径是净化铁锰氨生物滤池内产生TN_loss的原因.      

第一次全国污染源普查数据处理和分析软件关键技术最佳实践

结合第一次全国污染源普查数据采集处理和分析软件的应用过程,对第一次全国污染源普查数据采集和处理的背景、流程、技术框架和主要建设内容等进行了介绍,并对软件的成功实施和关键技术的最佳实践进行了研究,为下一次全国污染源普查提供了技术积累。     

新型真空膜渗透结晶工艺初探

真空膜渗透结晶工艺(vacuum membrane percrystallization, VMPC)是一种新型膜结晶工艺,可同步实现溶质的结晶及其与溶剂的分离回收。以NaCl溶液为目标物系,对VMPC过程的原理进行了分析,初步考察了进料液温度、浓度和操作压力对该工艺产能的影响。结果表明：VMPC过程是膜渗透和真空压差闪蒸结晶的协同作用的过程,随进料液温度的升高,结晶盐通量和水通量均增大;随进料液浓度的升高,结晶盐通量增大,水通量降低;而操作压力对工艺产能影响较小,但对生成晶体的形貌影响显著;当进料液温度为34 ℃,进料质量分数为25%,操作压力为0.5 kPa时,可获得高达8.04 kg·(m²·h)⁻¹的盐通量和30 L·(m²·h)⁻¹的水通量,远高于现有太阳能驱动膜结晶技术的产能。针对现有膜滤浓缩液类高浓盐水结晶工艺流程复杂、能耗高、效率和产能低的问题,VMPC工艺为新型高效处置技术的开发及应用提供了可行的解决方案。     

PLC控制系统在钢渣热焖工艺中的应用

利用PLC控制系统,实现在钢渣热焖工艺中的恒压供水和钢渣热焖定时定量喷水的自动控制要求,具有国际先进水平,取得了良好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷的新理论与技术

评述了近年来城市污水生物脱氮除磷理论和功能微生物的研究进展,重点介绍了生物处理的新方法：短程硝化反硝化处理法、厌氧氨氧化处理法、同步硝化反硝化处理法、同步反硝化除磷脱氮法,并总结了各处理工艺的应用状况。对生物脱氮除磷微生物学和新的理论技术发展趋势做出了展望。     

环保企业应收账款和信用管理浅析

针对环境保护企业财务管理中的应收账款和信用管理现状,重点分析了环保企业应收账款的管理方式,通过对模型流程的建立,采用数据挖掘处理技术来有效解决环保企业应收账款信用的分析判断,提高环保企业应收账款财务的整体管理水平。对于提高环保行业的整体良性发展具有借鉴意义。     

A new process of combined pretreatment and dyeing: REST

Use of enzymes in textile processes has many advantages as far as the environmentally friendly processes are concerned. These advantages include water and energy savings, less chemical use, less fabric damage, mild and environmentally friendly process conditions. In this work, C.I. Reactive Yellow 15, C.I. Reactive Red 21 and C.I. Reactive Blue 19 were used to dye untreated woven cotton fabric in a laboratory scale dyeing machine, on a pilot scale jig and on a pilot scale winch by using a single bath combined process, in which various enzymes, namely, amylase, pectinase, and catalase were employed. This new process was named as the “Rapid Enzymatic Single-bath Treatment” (REST), since it was completed almost in half of the conventional dyeing time, and all of the stages, namely, desizing, scouring, bleaching and dyeing were carried out in a single bath without replacing the process water with fresh water until the end of the dyeing. In the REST process, the untreated, starch-sized fabric was first desized by amylase enzyme, and this was followed by a pectinase treatment in the same bath. The fabric was then bleached by H₂O₂ in the same bath, and after the hydrogen peroxide bleaching; the catalase enzyme was added to the bath to remove H₂O₂ residues before reactive dyeing. Without carrying out intermediate washings/rinsings between these processes, the reactive dyeing was carried out in a conventional way in the same bath, and finally, the fabric was taken from the bath and washed out. The colour yield was compared with the dyeings which were carried out conventionally in separate baths. Finally, the REST has many benefits in terms of water saving, reduced process time and energy consumptions compared to the conventional preparatory and dyeing process of cotton fabrics.