Application of fish index of biological integrity (FIBI) in the Sanmenxia Wetland with water quality implications

Long-term changes of fish biotic integrity in the Sanmenxia Wetland,North China,since the 1950 s were assessed using the fish index of biological integrity（FIBI）. The water and sediment quality was evaluated by the water quality index（WQI） and sediment pollution index（SPI）. The results showed that FIBI continuously decreased from 46 to 20 during the past 5 decades,which indicated that the fish community state shifted from fair to very poor conditions,and damming by itself did not affect the fish biotic integrity. At the same time,WQI fell from 83 to 44.1,and SPI increased from 0.99 to 2.14 since the 1960 s,resulting from fast regional socio-economic development and insufficient wastewater treatment. Correlation analysis suggested that water quality significantly affected biotic integrity（r = 0.867,p 〈 0.05） through direct effects on the fish community. As a representative example of many wetlands in North China,our study clearly demonstrated that the biological integrity was degraded,induced both by water quality deterioration and sediment pollution,further driven by the contradiction between rapid development of regional economy and lagging development of sewage treatment facilities,which were thought to be the main factor responsible for the degradation of biological integrity.     

核电厂管道局部壁厚减薄快速评定方法研究

目的 解决核电厂实际运行中管道壁厚局部减薄缺陷快速评定的需求.方法 基于RCC-M规范的设计基本要求和核电厂管道评估的实践经验,基于3个工程化的分析假设,提出一种管道壁厚减薄的快速评定方法.其包含三部分内容:1)最小壁厚计算;2)结构完整性评价;3)功能性评价.分别采用管道壁厚减薄快速评定方法和SYSPIPE软件有限元...     

Functional-ecological role of biological diversity in populations and communities

The functional role of differentiation with respect to local population density, expression of responses to the presence of other individuals, and body weight has been analyzed from an ecoenergetic standpoint with consideration of known mathematical laws. The results indicate that increased variation in these parameters (i.e., their higher diversity) improves the efficiency of energy flow through the animal population: the input of energy increases, while its expenditures decrease. The greatest effect is achieved when the population is divided into alternative modal groups.     

基于Client/Server数据完整性约束之研究

本文主要讨论基于Client/Server数据完整性约束及其如何实施企业业务规则,并以SQLServer和PowerBuilder为例,介绍了数据完整性约束的实现技术.     

油气管道完整性管理技术及其进展

阐明油气管道完整性管理的概念、技术内涵及意义。提出油气管道完整性管理的技术流程;指出油气管道完整性管理应包括油气管道的GIS和数据库、风险评价、基于风险检测、适用性评价、管道地质灾害评估、管道维护决策及应急响应等关键技术;评述了国内外油气管道关键技术的研究进展。对进一步完善和发展管道完整性管理技术,加快管道完整性管理法规和标准体系的建设提出了合理化建议。     

The effects of passive leadership on workplace incivility

In this article, we examine the effects of passive leadership on workplace incivility across two studies. Study 1 examines passive leadership–incivility relationships in a sample of employee–supervisor dyads, and Study 2 examines these relationships in a sample of employee–coworker dyads. Results from these studies suggest that passive leadership has a significant direct effect on behavioral incivility and an indirect effect through experienced incivility. Moreover, our results suggest that the relationship between experienced incivility and behavioral incivility is conditional on the level of passive leadership, such that the effect of experienced incivility on behavioral incivility is stronger at higher levels of passive leadership. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An evaluation approach using a HARA and FMEDA for the hardware SIL

Safety instrumented systems (SIS) are becoming increasingly complex, and form a growing proportion of programmable electronic parts. The IEC 61508 global standard was established to ensure the functional safety of SIS; however, it was expressed in highly macroscopic terms. The safety integrity level (SIL) is a criterion describing whether a component meets the safety requirements of a SIS. The safety requirements give a target SIL for the expected risks using hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA). The SIL must correspond to the safety requirements. This study introduces an evaluation process for determining the hardware SIL through failure modes, effects, and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA). First, the components of the SIS subsystem are defined in terms of failure modes and effects, and then the failure rate and failure mechanism distribution are assigned to each component. The safety mode and detectability of each failure mode are determined for each component and, finally, the hardware SIL is evaluated. We perform a case study to evaluate the hardware SIL of the flame scanner system using HARA and FMEDA, where the safety requirement of the flame scanner was determined using the risk graph method. We verified that the hardware SIL of the flame scanner corresponded to the safety requirement.     

安全仪表系统的应用及发展

探讨安全仪表系统在过程工业中的必要性与重要性,以ISA/S84.01安全仪表系统生命周期为基本框架,介绍安全仪表系统的基本组成和生命周期各阶段的主要工作,阐述安全仪表系统与过程控制系统的异同。研究安全仪表系统设计过程中风险分析与安全完整性水平等的关键技术;总结了目前安全仪表系统所呈现出的新特点、新趋势;指出安全仪表系统未来发展的方向;同时认为安全仪表系统作为一种有效的安全保障措施,应当以风险与危害分析为基础,按照最低合理可行原则,根据对象的不同特点,确定适当的安全完整性水平。该应用研究成果对于安全仪表系统的设计与应用具有一定的指导意义。     

汽车工业中的功能安全研究

介绍了汽车工业中的电气/电子/可编程电子系统,分析了早期汽车生命周期过程、汽车开发和安全的集成过程以及汽车功能安全生命周期的组成,研究了从IEC61508功能安全转变为适用于汽车工业的安全标准的过程,阐述了汽车功能安全中的一些重要概念,给出了汽车功能安全分析的几种方法及其优缺点。     

IEC61511标准及在石化行业安全管理中的应用

功能安全的定量评定技术已成为确保石化行业安全生产的重要手段。针对石化行业普遍存在的功能安全问题,笔者以国际电工学会(IEC)专门制定的功能安全评定标准IEC61508及IEC61511为指导,介绍其标准制定的背景、目的、体系结构以及如何利用标准开展石化行业安全联锁系统(Safety Instrumented System,SIS)的安全与误跳车定量分析。通过对SIS开展定量安全评估,可发现联锁功能存在的安全不足与误跳车现象,对于提高我国石化行业安全生产水平具有重要的促进作用,标准中有关寿命周期功能安全管理方法及重要的工程经验也对提高我国石化安全生产水平具有借鉴作用。