Does job insecurity threaten who you are? Introducing a social identity perspective to explain well‐being and performance consequences of job insecurity

This paper introduces a social identity perspective to job insecurity research. Worrying about becoming jobless, we argue, is detrimental because it implies an anticipated membership of a negatively evaluated group—the group of unemployed people. Job insecurity hence threatens a person's social identity as an employed person. This in turn will affect well‐being and job performance. A three‐wave survey study amongst 377 British employees supports this perspective. Persons who felt higher levels of job insecurity were more likely to report a weaker social identity as an employed person. This effect was found to be stable over time and also held against a test of reverse causality. Furthermore, social identity as an employed person influenced well‐being and in‐role job performance and mediated the effect of job insecurity on these two variables over time. Different to the expectations, social identity as an employed person and organisational proactivity were not connected. The findings deliver interesting evidence for the role of social identity as an employed person in the relationships between job insecurity and its consequences. Theoretically, this perspective illustrates the individual and group‐related nature of job insecurity and offers a novel way of connecting work situations with individual well‐being, behaviour and attitudes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A~2/O法应用于酒店污水处理工程的实例

某酒店污水处理工程设计规模 80 0m3 d ,进水CODCr2 50～ 30 0mg L ,BOD51 50～ 1 0 0mg L ,SS 1 4 0～ 1 2 0mg L ,氨氮2 5mg L ,动植物油 50mg L。采用处理工艺 ,2年来的运行效果显示 ,出水水质稳定达到广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB4 4 2 6 2 0 0 1 )第二时段第一级标准。     

推导保护水生环境质量标准的方法研究

综述了美国及欧洲一些国家推导水生环境质量标准的方法研究。对水生环境质量标准包括的水质标准，底泥标准，人类和野生生物标准进行了分别叙述，详细讨论了推导水生环境质量标准的数据要求和计算方法。     

环境问题与"可持续发展"道路存在的误区

环境问题本质是人的问题,具体表现于人口问题和人的德行问题。文章认为导致我们系列环境政策没有起到预想结果的原因在于我们"德行"中存在的认识误区,分析了这些认识误区;提出解决环境问题的根本途径是改造我们的"德行"并知道我们生活在地球"极限之内"。     

环境医学：人类生存发展战略的大课题

文章用大量翔实数据，分析论证：人类由于淡化环境意识，坚持急功近利的片面发展观，造成整个地球环境质量正在全面下降和恶化，全球已有１／５的人口受到环境污染之害的基点上，作者提出了只有跳出以自我生存为中心的狭隘圈，确立发展环境医学为主体的预防医学战略，并提示要遵循中国古代强调的“天人合一”论概念和钱学森提出的“开放的巨系统方法论”在当代科技领域进行“天地生人巨系统的综合集成研究”，树立“天地与我并生，万物与我同运”的自然生态观，为创建“生物心理社会自然”为模式的全科新医学，这是实现２１世纪“人类健康工程”的开拓性目标。     

地球系统科学提出前我国科学界的某些思维

列举了在1988年美国提出"地球系统科学"前我国学者在该领域的某些思维:人与天地相应的观点,东亚大陆磁异常与我国人群健康关系的观点,天地生三位一体的观点,地球表层学的观点以及灾害系统的观点等.这些观点虽不如"地球系统科学"着眼于全球整体,但也包括了很大的系统,且不空洞.     

PLA、PPC或PBAT与2次改性小麦秸秆全降解复合材料的力学性能与生态风险

制作复合材料是小麦秸秆资源化利用的有效途径之一。小麦秸秆的改性处理对制成的复合材料力学性能有很大影响,且不同的基体材料与小麦秸秆制成的复合材料性能也有所不同。以聚乳酸（PLA）、聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）、聚己二酸（PBAT）为基体材料,分别以改性前或碱处理及偶联剂方法2次改性后的小麦秸秆纤维为增强材料,采用压缩成型工艺制备了6种全降解复合材料,并对制成的6种复合材料进行了力学性能测试与比对;分析了3种改性后小麦秸秆制成的全降解复合材料的降解性能,并通过种子发芽实验研究了它们的浸提液的潜在生态风险。结果表明,2次改性小麦秸秆与基体材料制成的复合材料,其力学性能较原始秸秆与基体材料制成的复合材料有明显的增强,其拉伸、弯曲、冲击强度均有20%~50%的提升。3种可降解材料降解率由大到小的顺序为：PLA全降解复合材料 > PBAT全降解复合材料 > PPC全降解复合材料。质量分数1%的3种全降解复合材料浸提液对种子发芽过程基本不造成影响。     

Experimental evidence for the effects of task repetitiveness on mental strain and objective work performance

People frequently have to work in high repetitive jobs. Previous research has focused exclusively on the effects of task repetitiveness on well‐being, while neglecting effects on work performance. In the present study, we aimed to fill this void by conducting two workplace simulations with experimental manipulations of task repetitiveness. Participants worked for about 5 hours at either a computer workstation, compiling computer hardware packages according to customer requests (Experiment 1, N = 160), or at an assembly line, piecing together equipment sets for furniture (Experiment 2, N = 213). Both experiments provide consistent evidence that high repetitiveness has a detrimental effect on well‐being, whereas work performance increases under conditions of high repetitiveness. On a practical level, our study hence shows that high task repetitiveness is a double‐edged sword for both employees and organizations. On a conceptual level, our findings emphasize the necessity to account for both mental strain and work performance when examining the effects of task repetitiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生态危机的社会伦理根源

从人与自然的关系实际上是人与人之间的利益关系的论点出发,揭示了生态危机发生实质是人类为了获取自身利益的最大化,对自然资源无止境的索取和争夺而导致的;论证了生态危机发生的社会伦理根源是技术理性的扩张导致科学技术的异化、消费主义的盛行加重了对自然的消耗与污染、功利主义的漫延导致代际自然资源分配不公;提出了要缓解人与自然日趋紧张的关系,解决生态危机,不仅要依靠科技、经济手段,最根本的还是要从改变人们的社会伦理观出发,用价值理性自觉地调适技术理性的非理性倾向、改变物质主义的生活方式、摒弃发展理念的功利主义,从而调节好人与人之间的利益冲突,处理好人与自然的＂物质变换＂关系。     

浙江省萧山市山一村生态良性循环与系统管理研究 Ⅵ.山地生态系统动态模拟

本文在林地植物区系组成、植被类型、森林资源、土壤养分调查的基础上,对山地土壤矿化过程、树木生长过程和山地生态系统进行了动态模拟,预测了该村山地土壤含氮量、落叶层重、草本层生物量、灌木层生物量、乔木生物量,山地土壤可利用氮量、氮矿化速率、系统氮变化量、系统生物与净增长量的年变化趋势,为该村林地的规划、开发利用和管理提供了科学依据。