先秦灾害神话之文学探析

先秦灾害神话记录了自然灾害,表现了远古先民的原始宗教信仰,是灾害研究的材料来源。与此同时,灾害神话神秘又夸张的书写笔法,对后世文学题材、结构等方面所产生的深刻影响,更使其成为灾害文学的重要主题之一。因此,从文学角度入手,概括研究先秦灾害神话的文本内容,深入分析《山海经》《楚辞》等经典著作对灾害神话的描写。进而梳理灾害神话的文学特征、神灵形象描写,才能得出灾害神话乃中国灾害文学之源流的结论,最终达到灾害神话的基础性研究之目的。     

Recovery from job stress: The stressor‐detachment model as an integrative framework

This paper reviews empirical evidence on psychological detachment from work during nonwork time. Psychological detachment as a core recovery experience refers to refraining from job‐related activities and thoughts during nonwork time; it implies to mentally disengage from one's job while being away from work. Using the stressor‐detachment model as an organizing framework, we describe findings from between‐person and within‐person studies, relying on cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and daily‐diary designs. Overall, research shows that job stressors, particularly workload, predict low levels of psychological detachment. A lack of detachment in turn predicts high strain levels and poor individual well‐being (e.g., burnout and lower life satisfaction). Psychological detachment seems to be both a mediator and a moderator in the relationship between job stressors on the one hand and strain and poor well‐being on the other hand. We propose possible extensions of the stressor‐detachment model by suggesting moderator variables grounded in the transactional stress model. We further discuss avenues for future research and offer practical implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大采高仰斜工作面玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆煤壁加固技术及应用

针对段王矿090502综采工作面存在近200m仰采段,为提高煤壁稳定性,避免或减少煤壁片帮发生,提出玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆煤壁加固方案,通过数值模拟方法对煤壁加固参数进行了优化研究,并进行了现场应用.研究结果表明:采用φ20mm×3.0m全螺纹玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆、间排距为1.5m×1m进行煤壁加固,不仅可保持煤壁稳定,而且施工方便,保证了工作面的正常回采.     

综放面风量调节范围与安全评价的数值模拟分析

结合实际算例 ,用迎风有限元方法 ,从理论上得出了采空区瓦斯绝对涌出量与工作面风量呈指数关系 ,采空区氧化带宽度与工作面风量呈负指数关系。按排放瓦斯要求和工作面生产的供风要求 ,确定风量下限 ,从防止采空区自然发火的角度 ,确定风量的上限 ,由此 ,得出合理的风量范围。引入了范围极差的概念 ,当风量极差越大 ,安全情况越好 ,反之 ,采空区的自然发火与瓦斯涌出二者是不可调和的 ,必须采取防治措施来提高风量极差值。     

大同矿区综放开采覆岩压力拱演化规律研究

为研究大同矿区综放开采的覆岩运动特征,以同忻矿8105工作面为研究对象,运用关键层理论确定了同忻矿8105工作面关键层分布,采用理论分析、相似材料模拟方法对压力拱的演化规律进行了研究,并结合现场监测数据对研究结果进行了验证。结果表明,在同忻矿双系煤层开采条件下,关键层破断影响着压力拱的发展高度,沿工作面推进方向,压力拱的失稳步距为283~330 m。拱脚位置在工作面前方40~55 m,压力拱承载着大部分的覆岩载荷,一旦发生失稳破坏,会造成石炭系岩层与侏罗系采空区连通,引起工作面强矿压显现。     

Getting away from them all: Managing exhaustion from social interaction with telework

Drawing on the conservation of resources and recovery literatures, we examine how social job characteristics—interpersonal interaction, job interdependence, and external interaction—relate to work exhaustion. We then explore the efficacy of a part‐time telework (PTT) practice in alleviating work exhaustion associated with social interaction. Study 1 is a within‐subject assessment of work exhaustion before and after a PTT practice; participants are 51 information technology professionals in a financial services firm. Study 2 is a between‐subject assessment of work exhaustion among part‐time teleworkers and non‐teleworkers; participants are 258 U.S. workers spanning a variety of industries. Study 2 replicated the model tested in Study 1, and we extended the conceptualization of interpersonal interaction to examine both quantity and quality of interaction. In both studies, PTT provided a recovery opportunity, attenuating the relationship between interpersonal interaction and work exhaustion; however, after PTT but not before, work exhaustion increased as external interaction increased. In Study 2, work exhaustion decreased as interaction quality increased; in contrast, work exhaustion increased as interaction quantity increased and PTT attenuated this relationship. Our recommendations aim to help balance telework practices in light of social job characteristics and their opposing effects on work exhaustion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

声屏障用于室内降噪的技术与经济问题

根据室内声屏障的降噪原理及影响因素,论述了室内声屏障降噪效果的评价与测量方法。通过固定式及活动式声屏障的设计,分析了室内声屏障的技术特点和经济效益。     

Who stays proactive after entrepreneurship training? Need for cognition,personal initiative maintenance,and well‐being

Personal initiative training is a promising way to increase entrepreneurial personal initiative, which is a key behavior for successful entrepreneurship. Although personal initiative training has been shown to promote personal initiative, little is known about how this proactive behavior can be maintained over time and what the consequences are. The training transfer literature suggests that training effects usually decline with time. It is not clear, however, which factors contribute to personal initiative maintenance and which benefits go along with it. In a randomized controlled field experiment with 912 microentrepreneurs in Lomé, Togo, we investigate the influence of need for cognition—a cognitive factor driving proactive behavior—on personal initiative maintenance after training. In addition, we examine the effect of need for cognition on the well‐being consequences of personal initiative maintenance. We show that people high in need for cognition tend to maintain posttraining personal initiative longer than those low in need for cognition. However, contrary to our predictions, need for cognition has no effect on the level of well‐being that results from personal initiative maintenance. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of personal initiative and its maintenance and could be used to increase training effectiveness.     

基于网格化管理的“防灾型”高校社区管理模式构建

为确保高校社区安全管理的精准、高效、便捷,将社区网格化管理的理论和技术引入高校安全管理中,构建“防灾型”高校社区安全管理模式,结合“微安全”微信平台,链接社区全体人员。根据布拉德安全曲线,将“防灾型”高校社区安全管理模式定位在杜邦安全管理第三阶段;采用问卷调查的形式对管理效果进行考察。研究结果表明:事故发生率降低61.42%,事件处理效率提高74.05%,居民满意度达80.2%;“防灾型”网格社区安全管理模式能够对高校安全信息进行系统化管理,实现管理层与执行层的扁平化、联动管理;安全事故伤害率越来越低。     

孤岛工作面支承压力影响下顶板破坏机理研究

为了探讨孤岛工作面支承压力影响下顶板破坏机理,通过采用理论分析,建立薄板力学模型,对孤岛工作面顶板弯矩分布规律进行分析,并结合实验室数值模拟手段对工作面顶板支承压力集中系数及顶板围岩塑性区演变规律进行研究。研究结果表明:在支承压力作用下,随着推进距离的增大,顶板支承压力集中系数呈现增大的趋势;工作面顶板煤壁中部弯矩显著大于煤壁两侧弯矩,该结果合理解释了工作面方向上支架工作阻力不相等的规律;顶板断裂的塑性区演变特征存在时空效应及力学特征,顶板四周所形成的横向“O”型破断与横向“X”型破断,共同构成了顶板破断的横“O-X”破断形式。