膜分离-SBR技术在味精废水处理中的应用

膜分离技术可将高浓度味精废水分离浓缩为数量不等的滤过水和浓缩水,浓缩水可再次开发利用,滤过水可直接进行SBR生化处理,使外排废水稳定达到国家《污水综合排放标准》。     

新疆“十三五”城市空气质量评价分析

“十三五”是新疆经济、社会和环境发展的关键期.基于2015-2020年新疆14个城市空气质量年平均数据,采用三年滑动平均方法对新疆“十三五”空气质量进行评价分析.结果 表明:全区空气质量优劣依次是北疆＞东疆＞南疆,其中乌鲁木齐市三年滑动年均优良天数比例呈逐年上升趋势,而和田市与之相反,呈下降趋势,且三年滑动年均下降率达...     

综掘工作面气水联动除尘装置影响因素及应用效果分析

为掌握气水联动除尘装置影响因素及现场除尘效果,以便更好应用于现场实际。基于煤矿综掘工作面长压短抽通风控除尘系统,利用数值仿真和正交实验设计分析方法,系统研究除尘装置叶片参数、进风量和进风口位置等因素对除尘效果的影响规律。研究结果表明：叶片安装角为40°,扭转角为4°时,除尘器入口处负压值和进风量最大,而吸风口距工作面5 m、吸风量≥300 m³/min时的除尘效果较好。控除尘系统采用气水联动除尘装置后,各测点全尘除尘效率提高了40.8%～55.4%,呼吸性粉尘除尘效率提高了31.4%～41.3%,应用效果良好。     

浙江油田安全文化建设现状分析与对策思考

浙江油田公司正在全面深入推进安全文化建设,公司安全环保形势也持续明显好转,但是作业现场“三违”现象频现、隐患犹存,甚至造成事故险肇。究其原因,大多数都是风险辨识不到位、措施制定不规范、作业把关不严密所致;归根结底是员工没有形成有效的安全文化意识。结合公司两年来安全文化建设中存在的不足,经深入剖析,提出了有针对性、建设性的对策措施,以便进一步提高浙江油田公司安全文化建设水平。     

深井大采高综采面矿压显现及覆岩破断规律研究

针对深井大采高综采技术中采场矿压控制难的特点,以潘二矿11223大采高综采工作面为工程背景,采用相似模拟、数值模拟、现场矿压监测、理论分析等方法,对深井大采高综采工作面矿压显现及覆岩运动破断规律进行研究。结果表明:深井大采高综采面覆岩运动破断后结构形态演化特征可概括为“组合悬臂岩梁结构——压实填充结构——非铰接岩梁结构——铰接岩梁结构”的动态演化过程,这种动态演化过程直接影响着工作面的矿压显现特征及覆岩破坏特点;得到工作面初次来压步距为34 m,基本顶周期来压步距15 m,来压由中部开始向两端转移;工作面前方应力集中区距煤壁平均4.4 m,应力峰值平均为26 MPa,工作面矿压显现特点受控于覆岩运动破断的动态演化力学结构,研究结果对类似条件下的工作面安全开采具有一定的理论依据和借鉴意义。     

Emotional,physical, and social needs among 0–5‐year‐old children displaced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake: associated characteristics and exposures

An 8.8‐magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Chile on 27 February 2010, displacing nearly 2,000 children aged less than five years to emergency housing camps. Nine months later, this study assessed the needs of 140 displaced 0–5‐year‐old children in six domains: caregiver stability and protection; health; housing; nutrition; psychosocial situation; and stimulation. Multivariate regression was applied to examine the degree to which emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with baseline characteristics and exposure to the earthquake, to stressful events, and to ongoing risks in the proximal post‐earthquake context. In each domain, 20 per cent or fewer children had unmet needs. Of all children in the sample, 20 per cent had unmet needs in multiple domains. Children's emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with ongoing exposures amenable to intervention, more than with baseline characteristics or epicentre proximity. Relief efforts should address multiple interrelated domains of child well‐being and ongoing risks in post‐disaster settings.     

基于采空区底板应力分布规律划分自燃“三带”的方法与实践*

针对目前采空区自燃三带实测方法的不便性和局限性,为准确合理地划分采空区自燃三带的范围,构建采空区底板应力分布和自燃危险区域的相互关系,提出以采空区底板应力分布规律直接划分采空区自燃三带的方法并结合实例进行实践验证。以实际工作面为背景,通过运用FLAC3D数值模拟、现场埋管实测和理论分析等方法分析采空区底板应力分布演化规律和自燃危险区域分布特征,得到二者之间的定量关系以及空隙率变化规律。结果表明:采空区底板应力场先后经历应力降低区、应力升高区和应力稳定区,根据走向、倾向应力峰值曲线初步判断采空区自燃三带的范围为:散热带0~89 m,氧化升温带89~190 m,窒息带190 m以外;模拟结果与现场实测划分得到的散热带0~86.4 m,氧化升温带86.4~187 m,窒息带187 m以外有较好的一致性,从而验证了该方法的准确性。     

先秦灾害神话之文学探析

先秦灾害神话记录了自然灾害,表现了远古先民的原始宗教信仰,是灾害研究的材料来源。与此同时,灾害神话神秘又夸张的书写笔法,对后世文学题材、结构等方面所产生的深刻影响,更使其成为灾害文学的重要主题之一。因此,从文学角度入手,概括研究先秦灾害神话的文本内容,深入分析《山海经》《楚辞》等经典著作对灾害神话的描写。进而梳理灾害神话的文学特征、神灵形象描写,才能得出灾害神话乃中国灾害文学之源流的结论,最终达到灾害神话的基础性研究之目的。     

特厚煤层不同开采阶段"弱-弱"结构覆岩破坏高度研究

为了确定老虎台矿特厚煤层不同开采阶段"弱-弱"结构覆岩破坏高度,以63005工作面所在区域为研究对象,构建FLAC3D数值计算模型,对研究区域水砂充填开采阶段和综采放顶煤开采阶段覆岩破坏高度进行分析,确定了覆岩破坏高度与采出厚度的关系.分别采用微震监测、EH-4探测法对研究结果进行了验证.结果表明:无论水砂充填开采阶段还是综采放顶煤开采阶段,老虎台矿"弱-弱"结构覆岩最大破坏高度均约为等效采高的8.5倍;63005工作面开采前后,覆岩破裂最大高度与油母页岩和绿色页岩的分界面密切相关,均被控制在分界面之下;覆岩破坏高度受到F18断层的影响,被约束在断层破碎带沿走向范围内;63005工作面开采后,绿色页岩层中F18断层的下盘出现离层破坏,且破坏范围呈逐步扩大的趋势.     

Recovery from job stress: The stressor‐detachment model as an integrative framework

This paper reviews empirical evidence on psychological detachment from work during nonwork time. Psychological detachment as a core recovery experience refers to refraining from job‐related activities and thoughts during nonwork time; it implies to mentally disengage from one's job while being away from work. Using the stressor‐detachment model as an organizing framework, we describe findings from between‐person and within‐person studies, relying on cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and daily‐diary designs. Overall, research shows that job stressors, particularly workload, predict low levels of psychological detachment. A lack of detachment in turn predicts high strain levels and poor individual well‐being (e.g., burnout and lower life satisfaction). Psychological detachment seems to be both a mediator and a moderator in the relationship between job stressors on the one hand and strain and poor well‐being on the other hand. We propose possible extensions of the stressor‐detachment model by suggesting moderator variables grounded in the transactional stress model. We further discuss avenues for future research and offer practical implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.