How to address data privacy concerns when using social media data in conservation science

Social media data are being increasingly used in conservation science to study human–nature interactions. User-generated content, such as images, video, text, and audio, and the associated metadata can be used to assess such interactions. A number of social media platforms provide free access to user-generated social media content. However, similar to any research involving people, scientific investigations based on social media data require compliance with highest standards of data privacy and data protection, even when data are publicly available. Should social media data be misused, the risks to individual users' privacy and well-being can be substantial. We investigated the legal basis for using social media data while ensuring data subjects’ rights through a case study based on the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation. The risks associated with using social media data in research include accidental and purposeful misidentification that has the potential to cause psychological or physical harm to an identified person. To collect, store, protect, share, and manage social media data in a way that prevents potential risks to users involved, one should minimize data, anonymize data, and follow strict data management procedure. Risk-based approaches, such as a data privacy impact assessment, can be used to identify and minimize privacy risks to social media users, to demonstrate accountability and to comply with data protection legislation. We recommend that conservation scientists carefully consider our recommendations in devising their research objectives so as to facilitate responsible use of social media data in conservation science research, for example, in conservation culturomics and investigations of illegal wildlife trade online.     

Smart city data architecture for energy prosumption in municipalities: concepts,requirements, and future directions

ABSTRACT

Big data is gaining visibility and importance, and its use is attaining higher levels of influence within municipalities. Due to this proliferation smart cities are posed to deploy architectures toward managing energy for Electric Vehicles (EV) and orchestrate the production, consumption, and distributing of energy from renewable sources such as solar, wind etc. in communities also known as prosumption. In smart city domain, Enterprise Architecture (EA) can be employed to facilitate alignment between municipality goals and the direction of the city in relation to Information Technology (IT) that supports stakeholders within the city. Hence, the alignment between IT and goals of the city is a critical process to support the continued growth and improvement of city services and energy sustainability. However, despite several research effort focused on data architecture in smart city, there have been few studies aimed at exploring how EA can be applied in smart cities to support residential buildings and EV for energy prosumption in municipalities. Therefore, this study conducts an extensive review and develops an architecture that can be employed in smart city domain based on big data management for energy prosumption in residential buildings and EV. Furthermore, secondary data was employed to present a case study to show the applications of the developed architecture in promoting energy prosumption. Findings suggest that the architecture provides interoperable open real-time, online, and historical data in facilitating energy prosumption. Respectively, this study offers exchange of data for sharing energy resources and provides insights to improve energy prosumption services.     

永春牛姆林生态旅游的SWOT分析及其规划

永春牛姆林因良好的自然生态环境被誉为“闽南西双版纳”，其发展生态旅游的优势与劣势、机遇与挑战并存，应努力发挥优势，消除劣势，把握机遇，迎接挑战，并在此基础上构建“大牛姆林”旅游格局和“闽南金三角”大旅游格局，体现“大旅游、大市场、大产业”的旅游新理念。     

Water input requirements of the rapidly shrinking Dead Sea

The deepest point on Earth, the Dead Sea level, has been dropping alarmingly since 1978 by 0.7 m/a on average due to the accelerating water consumption in the Jordan catchment and stood in 2008 at 420 m below sea level. In this study, a terrain model of the surface area and water volume of the Dead Sea was developed from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data using ArcGIS. The model shows that the lake shrinks on average by 4 km²/a in area and by 0.47 km³/a in volume, amounting to a cumulative loss of 14 km³ in the last 30 years. The receding level leaves almost annually erosional terraces, recorded here for the first time by Differential Global Positioning System field surveys. The terrace altitudes were correlated among the different profiles and dated to specific years of the lake level regression, illustrating the tight correlation between the morphology of the terrace sequence and the receding lake level. Our volume-level model described here and previous work on groundwater inflow suggest that the projected Dead Sea–Red Sea channel or the Mediterranean–Dead Sea channel must have a carrying capacity of >0.9 km³/a in order to slowly re-fill the lake to its former level and to create a sustainable system of electricity generation and freshwater production by desalinization. Moreover, such a channel will maintain tourism and potash industry on both sides of the Dead Sea and reduce the natural hazard caused by the recession.     

汶川地震盆地效应的思考与建议

通过实地考察及资料搜集,统计分析了汶川地震中地貌以及局部场地条件对震害的影响。根据受灾城市所在地理位置的不同,将城市分为盆地内部(成都)、盆地边缘(都江堰、绵竹、江油、什邡)、盆地外部(北川)3类,分别统计了震害情况,分析了震害原因。发现在这次地震中盆地效应尤其明显,盆地边缘震害比较严重;盆地中部震害较轻;山区的震害比平原的严重,尤其是在两个距离比较近的山体之间的地区,除了地震灾害之外,滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害也很严重。最后对建筑抗震设计提出了几点建议。     

强震记录中速度大脉冲模拟及其对反应谱的影响

在近断层地震中,具有速度大脉冲的强震动对建筑物的影响较大。为了描述速度大脉冲,Makris和Roussos提出了由简单连续函数构成的模型,该模型参数较少、形式简单,用来描述实际地震记录中的速度脉冲大多取得较好的效果,但还是有一些记录模拟的结果会出现"丢失"现象,存在一些缺陷。针对此问题,本文提出了2个改进的方法——组合法和镜像法,用来扩展Makris和Roussos模型的适用范围,使其具有更好的适应性。     

美国等国家大城市消防装备建设概览

通过对一些发达国家大城市消防建设及装备情况的介绍,为我们自身的消防建设提供了很好的借鉴和思路     

新型气流剪切错流旋转填料床的综合性能评判

针对旋转填料床除尘效率低和运行能耗高的问题,通过改变上旋转填料环填料（上填料）和下旋转填料环填料（下填料）的孔隙率,增加填料环直径形成填料床壁面外突实现设备优化,研究超重力因子和气速对气流剪切错流旋转填料床（GSC-RPB）和新型气流剪切错流旋转填料床（NGSC-RPB）的影响,并提出应用品质因子评判填料床综合性能的方法。实验结果表明:优化前后旋转填料床的除尘效率和气相压力随着气速和超重力因子的增加而增加;NGSC-RPB的除尘效率较GSC-RPB有显著提高,NGSC-RPB的气相压降则略有降低;在达到国家超低排放浓度标准即5 mg/m3的前提下,通过对品质因子的分析可知,NGSC-RPB的综合性能有所提高,在气速为1.3 m/s,超重力因子为90~120时NGSC-RPB的综合性能最优。     

瓦斯抽采钻孔反循环气力排屑数值模拟

反循环气力排屑是顺层钻孔的新技术,可以提高瓦斯抽采钻孔的成孔深度与成孔率,采用CFD-DEM耦合方法对瓦斯抽采钻孔反循环气力排屑过程进行数值模拟,研究了排屑气速、煤屑生成量对气力排屑性能和气力排屑系统压降的影响。研究结果表明:排屑气速较低时,煤屑在重力的作用下在钻杆内堆积,易导致钻杆堵塞,为保证顺利排屑,需要较大的排屑气速;随着煤屑生成量的增大,对气力排屑性能影响不大,但钻杆内煤屑的体积分数增大,煤屑-煤屑,煤屑-钻杆之间的碰撞加剧;气力排屑系统的压降与排屑气速、煤屑生成量均呈正相关,综合考虑能耗因素,在保证顺利排屑的前提下,应选择合适的排屑气速。     

文丘里陈尘器喉管结构的优化设计

应用文献中计算压降的公式,得出压降随喉管长度变化的关系;应用William Licht效率公式,得出效率及效率、压降比随喉管长度和喉管气速的变化关系.根据这些关系,得出了在给定效率下压降最小时相应的喉管直径和管长的最佳组合.该结果对于优化文丘里除尘器喉管结构设计、降低能耗和运行成本具有重要意义.