磁化-厌氧生物降解有机物的影响机理分析

磁化对好氧生物降解有机物的研究较多,文章在厌氧条件下,采用不同磁场强度,对不同种类的有机污水进行实验分析;结果表明,在厌氧条件下,磁处理对提高水中有机物分解更为显著;在实验的基础上,分析了磁处理对厌氧生物降解有机物的影响因素,并探讨了磁化-厌氧生物降解有机物的机理。     

制动器用电磁体的另一种非对称磁路设计

为了获得更好地制动安全性及延长制动器寿命,针对相关文献中制动器用电磁体磁路的非对称设计方案的不足之处,提出了新的磁路形状设计,即采用开槽的方法来获得要求的非对称磁路,并对此作了理论分析。由于磁路形状复杂,采用Ansoft软件中Maxwell-3D对设计的电磁体进行磁场及其吸力的仿真计算。对仿真结果和理论分析作了对比。以此制作的样品试验结果表明,电磁体工作姿态平稳,未发现因卡死而出现摩擦力的大幅度波动。且磨损均匀,满足了工作寿命的相关要求,为电磁制动器安全制动、延长工作寿命提供了保证。     

Degradation of acid fuchsine by a modified electro-Fenton system with magnetic stirring as oxygen supplying

The current modified electro-Fenton system was designed to develop a more convenient and e cient undivided system for practical wastewater treatment. The system adopted a cathode portion that employed magnetic stirring instead of common oxygen gas di usion or gas sparging to supply oxygen gas for the electrolyte solution. Key factors influencing the cathode fabrication and activity were investigated. The degradation of acid fuchsine with a self-made graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathode was studied using a spectrophotometer. It was found that the cathode generated hydrogen peroxide with high current e ciency and the hydrogen peroxide yield of the cathode did not decay after 10 times reuse. With the Pt anode at a ferrous ion concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a pH of 3, and using magnetic stirring, dye decolorization could be rapidly accomplished but the destruction of benzene rings and intermediates was fairly di cult. With a Fe anode, dye degradation was more complete.     

砷华废渣的综合利用

采用氧化焙烧-软锰矿浆吸收、磁化焙烧-磁选、酸浸工艺处理砷华废渣.氧化焙烧的适宜条件为焙烧温度650 ℃,焙烧时间60 min,废渣粒径97 μm.磁化焙烧的适宜条件为焙烧温度550 ℃,焙烧时间30 min.酸浸的适宜条件为硫酸质量分数20%.经全流程实验,硫以MnSO4*H2O的形式回收,产品质量达到工业级硫酸锰一级标准.铁回收率为84.8%,锌回收率为80.9%,处理后废渣中银含量达246 g/t.处理过程产生的废弃物中砷较为稳定.     

Choice of parameters for passive shielding of power-frequency magnetic fields

Epidemiological studies suggesting the possibility of harmful effects on human (specifically children’s leukaemia) due to long-term exposure to magnetic fields of extremely low frequency (e.g. 50/60 Hz) and relatively low values (i.e. over the microtesla range) have stirred high activity in the topic of magnetic field mitigation. To reduce these fields, it is common to use passive metal screens (e.g. plates made of aluminium or steel). To design them, effective and fast numerical computations are highly desirable. In this article, a method is presented, which computes various parameters of screens in a given shielding problem and yields magnetic field distribution and shielding factors. The method takes into consideration the 3D field distribution and is able to solve systems with large aspect ratios (thin thickness in comparison with its other dimensions); this is a common problem where other methods such as finite elements often experience difficulties. The presented method computes separately the field inside and outside the screens. Afterwards, the solutions are “stitched” together along the border of the subregions. Two practical examples are given of the developed numerical method.     

在磁场中活性炭吸附有机物的研究

将磁化技术引入吸附过程中，考察了磁场处理对活性炭吸附苯、硝基苯、苯甲酸、氯苯和苯酚的影响．结果表明，预磁处理能使非极性物质苯和极性较小的氯苯、苯酚在活性炭上的吸附容量减小，而使极性较大的苯甲酸和有NO2基团的硝基苯的吸附容量增大．增大磁场强度能加强苯和苯甲酸的磁处理效果。     

Application and mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha to remove nano-ZnO and humic acid in coagulation process

Green source Ep was extracted from marine alga waste. The molecule model structure of Ep was studied and constructed. PAC-Ep coagulation system improves the efficiency of removal efficiency. Synergistic effects between NPs and HA make a big difference to enhance efficiency. Mechanism is charge neutralization, hydrogen bonding and adsorbing-complexing Enteromorpha polysaccharide (Ep) extracted from alga a novel green coagulant aid for nanoparticles (NPs) and heavy metal ions removal and the structure of EP was intensively studied in this study. The integration of Ep with polyaluminum chloride (PAC-Ep) coagulants exhibited higher coagulation performance than that of the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) because of the negatively charged NPs suspension and humic aid (HA) solution. Significant high removal efficiencies of dissolved organic matter (94.1%), turbidity (99.3%) and Zn ions (69.3%) were achieved by the PAC-Ep coagulants. The dual-coagulation properties of PAC-Ep for different pollutants was based on multiple mechanisms, including (i) Al³⁺ charge neutralization; (ii) hydroxy aluminum hydroxyl bridging formed polynuclearhydroxy complexes bridge and sweep colloidal particles; (iii) adsorption and bridging of Ep chain for the NPs and heavy metal ions. Results indicated that the destabilization of colloid was induced by the coexisting HA and higher removal was achieved as ions adsorption was enhance in the presence of HA complexation. On the basis of that, the extraction of polysaccharide is a promising candidate for its high coagulation performance in water treatment.     

套管损伤磁记忆检测信号定量研究

在油气生产过程中,井下套管损伤会造成井况恶化,致使正常井转变为套损井。为了防止套损井的出现和安全事故的发生,有必要对套管进行早期损伤检测。采用金属磁记忆检测技术,开展了实验研究。实验中,通过对套管内壁环切,将套管壁厚设计为等值递增和不等值递增两种形式;根据实验数据,对磁记忆检测信号梯度值、信号梯度波峰值及信号梯度峰宽值等特征参量与壁厚、壁厚变化量的定量关系进行拟合。结果表明:磁记忆检测信号梯度值、信号梯度波峰值及信号梯度峰宽值等特征参量,可以很好的表征套管壁厚的变化情况;信号梯度值与套管壁厚呈线性递增关系;信号梯度波峰值和信号梯度峰宽值均与套管壁厚变化量呈线性递增关系。该试验结果有助于完善磁记忆检测技术的定量化研究和利用磁记忆原理检测套管损伤的评价体系。     

磁载纳米TiO2复合光催化材料的研究进展

磁载纳米TiO2复合光催化剂是一种无污染,制备成本低,催化活性高,在外加磁场下可迅速分离回收和重复使用的光催化材料,在废水的光催化降解中有着诱人的应用前景.本文综述了不同类型磁载纳米TiO2复合光催化材料的制备方法和光催化性能,总结了其在染料、农药、芳香烃及其衍生物、有害无机离子和有毒气体等各种环境污染物处理中的应用,并展望了磁载纳米TiO2复合光催化剂的发展方向.