生物沥浸处理提高城市污泥脱水性能的中试研究：批式运行模式

为了考察生物沥浸法对城市污泥脱水性能的影响.利用一个兼有序批式与连续式运行模式、工作体积为700 L的生物沥浸反应器对城市污泥进行了连续3批生物沥浸中试研究,并采用厢式压滤机对处理后污泥进行脱水处理.结果表明,曝气量为1.2 m^3/h,含嗜酸性硫杆菌的酸化污泥与待处理的原始污泥体积比为1∶15时,在90 h内完成首批...     

微生物营养剂浓度对生物沥浸法促进城市污泥脱水性能的影响

通过实验室摇瓶试验和实际工程应用试验研究了不同污泥浓度(2%～5%)下,营养剂加入量对生物沥浸促进城市污泥脱水性能的影响,同时分析了pH值和营养剂利用率的变化.结果表明,生物沥浸过程中,不同浓度污泥各处理下pH值均呈直线下降后趋于稳定的趋势;生物沥浸2 d后,各处理中营养剂几乎都被微生物完全利用;2%、3%、4%、5%浓度污泥比阻随着沥浸时间的延长先迅速减小后逐渐回升,且浓度越高回升幅度越大,各浓度污泥选择最佳营养剂浓度分别为3.0、4.5、8.3和12.8 g.L-1,此时污泥最低比阻分别为0.61×1012、1.22×1012、3.09×1012和4.83×1012m.kg-1.通过工程应用试验表明,将5%浓度城市污泥稀释成3%浓度再生物沥浸的方法不仅能够改善生物沥浸污泥脱水性能,表现在比阻从3.29×1012m.kg-1下降到1.10×1012m.kg-1,同时还可以缩短污泥停留时间(从4 d缩短为2.35 d)及降低运行成本.这为生物沥浸工艺处理高浓度污泥运行参数的优化提供了科学依据.     

微生物沥浸法去除底泥中的重金属

以硫酸亚铁盐为底物,培养以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为主要菌种的土著沥滤微生物,采用批式方法对湘江长沙段底泥进行微生物沥浸实验。实验结果表明,底物投加量与底泥固体浓度比(Sd/Sc)为1.5时已能满足底泥的微生物沥浸要求,进一步研究发现底泥固体浓度为13%、底物投加量为19.5 g/L、沥浸时间为6 d时,底泥中超标重金属Cd、Zn和Cu的去除率可分别达到83.1%、75.3%和61.2%;沥浸后底泥中大部分重金属以残渣态存在,且含量低于农用污泥中污染物控制标准,其中硫化物有机结合态Cu浸出较Zn、Cd需更低的pH,且Cu以间接机理浸出为主;以Fe2+为底物的沥浸体系中,黄铁矾的重吸附或共沉淀是沥浸实验后期重金属浸出率下降的原因之一。     

去除污泥中重金属铬的生物淋滤反应器设计与应用

用微生物方法去除污泥中重金属（生物淋滤法）是近年来发展的新技术，探索工程化的条件有重要的应用价值。设计了一套容积为1m^3的生物淋滤反应器，由生物淋滤池、搅拌器、曝气器和空气压缩机等构成。其中，搅拌叶轮由平叶桨和斜叶桨组合而成。利用制革污泥进行了半连续的生物淋滤试验，结果表明，在反应器中污泥与菌体和营养物质能充分混匀，经过2-5d的处理，污泥pH持续下降到2．0以下，污泥中铬的溶出率达90％-99．5％。     

生物沥浸处理提高城市污泥脱水性能的中试研究：连续运行模式

采用有效容积为700 L的推流式生物沥浸反应器对城市污泥进行连续10 d的生物沥浸处理,采用折流方式将反应器从进泥端到处理结束后的排泥端,沿程方向依次划分为1～6区.对试验过程中各区的pH变化趋势,各区污泥的脱水性能（用污泥比阻SRF表征）及生物沥浸污泥经厢式压滤脱水泥饼含水率及其水分蒸发速度进行了系统的研究.结果表明...     

Enhancing sewage sludge dewaterability by bioleaching approach with comparison to other physical and chemical conditioning methods

The sewage sludge conditioning process is critical to improve the sludge dewaterability prior to mechanical dewatering. Traditionally, sludge is conditioned by physical or chemical approaches, mostly with the addition of inorganic or organic chemicals. Here we report that bioleaching, an efficient and economical microbial method for the removal of sludge-borne heavy metals, also plays a significant role in enhancing sludge dewaterability. The effects of bioleaching and physical or chemical approaches on sludge dewaterability were compared. The conditioning result of bioleaching by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on sludge dewatering was investigated and compared with the effects of hydrothermal (121℃ for 2 hr), microwave (1050 W for 50 sec), ultrasonic (250 W for 2 min), and chemical conditioning (24% ferric chloride and 68% calcium oxide; dry basis). The results show that the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) or capillary suction time (CST) of sludge is decreased by 93.1% or 74.1%, respectively, after fresh sludge is conditioned by bioleaching, which is similar to chemical conditioning treatment with ferric chloride and calcium oxide but much more effective than other conditioning approaches including hydrothermal, microwave, and ultrasonic conditioning. Furthermore, after sludge dewatering, bioleached sludge filtrate contains the lowest concentrations of chroma (18 times), COD (542 mg/L), total N (TN, 300 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (208 mg/L), and total P (TP, 2 mg/L) while the hydrothermal process resulted in the highest concentration of chroma (660 times), COD (18,155 mg/L), TN (472 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (381 mg/L), and TP (191 mg/L) among these selected conditioning methods. Moreover, unlike chemical conditioning, sludge bioleaching does not result in a significant reduction of organic matter, TN, and TP in the resulting dewatered sludge cake. Therefore, considering sludge dewaterability and the chemical properties of sludge filtrate and resulting dewatered sludge cakes, bioleaching has potential as an approach for improving sludge dewaterability and reducing the cost of subsequent reutilization or disposal of dewatered sludge.     

去除污泥中重金属铬的生物淋滤反应器设计与应用

用微生物方法去除污泥中重金属(生物淋滤法)是近年来发展的新技术,探索工程化的条件有重要的应用价值。设计了一套容积为1 m3的生物淋滤反应器,由生物淋滤池、搅拌器、曝气器和空气压缩机等构成。其中,搅拌叶轮由平叶桨和斜叶桨组合而成。利用制革污泥进行了半连续的生物淋滤试验,结果表明,在反应器中污泥与菌体和营养物质能充分混匀,经过2~5 d的处理,污泥pH持续下降到2.0以下,污泥中铬的溶出率达90%~99.5%。     

生物淋滤联合类Fenton反应去除污染土壤中重金属的效果

针对我国南方地区广泛存在的土壤重金属污染问题,以广东韶关铅锌矿周边污染农田土壤为研究对象,探讨利用生物淋滤方法与生物淋滤联合类Fenton反应对土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的去除效果,并采用序列化学提取(SEC)方法,分析不同处理对土壤中4种重金属形态分布的影响.结果表明,经12 d生物淋滤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的去除率分别达到66.5%、55.1%、72.8%和35.6%,其中无机结合态重金属去除效果最好,固相中剩余重金属主要以稳定的残渣态形式存在.2 d生物淋滤联合类Fenton反应在优化的H_2O_2浓度(5 g·L-1)下,对上述4种重金属的去除率分别为55.6%、50.6%、60.7%和30.5%,低于12 d生物淋滤处理,但显著高于H_2SO_4酸化、2 d生物淋滤、化学Fenton反应等对照处理.生物淋滤联合类Fenton反应可以实现原土壤中残渣态、有机结合态和无机结合态等较稳定态重金属的有效去除,使处理后土壤中4种重金属Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb的含量分别低于50、200、0.3和250 mg·kg~(-1)的标准限值.该方法兼具生物淋滤高去除效率和Fenton反应快速处理等优势,对于修复重金属Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb等复合污染的土壤具应用前景.     

城市污泥生物沥滤过程中重金属滤出途径的研究

以硫酸亚铁为底物,嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌为沥滤微生物对城市污泥进行生物沥滤实验,并以硫酸化学沥滤污泥处理和硫酸亚铁化学氧化沥滤污泥处理为对照来分析生物沥滤过程中6种重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni)的滤出途径。根据各处理中重金属去除率和化学形态的变化,通过估算生物沥滤过程中酸溶作用和Fe~(3+)氧化作用对重金属滤出的贡献率来推测各重金属的主要滤出途径。结果表明:Zn、Cu及Cd主要滤出途径为Fe~(~(3+))氧化作用,Pb和Cr主要通过酸溶作用滤出,而Ni的滤出则由Fe~(3+)氧化作用和酸溶作用共同控制。     

Bioremediation of metal contamination

A study was initiated to evaluate the use of the fungus Aspergillus niger for bioleaching and then todetermine the effect of process steps, the tailingsconcentration and type of substrate. An oxidized miningtailing containing mainly copper (7240 mg kg^-1 tailings) was studied. A sucrose and mineral salts medium was initially used to produce citric and gluconic acids by A. niger atvarious concentrations of tailings (1, 5, 7, 10 and 15% w/v).Maximal removal of up to 60% of the copper was obtained forthe 5% tailings when the organic acid supernatant was addedto the tailings. In a single step process, A. niger wasthen grown in the presence of mining tailings at variousconcentrations. Maximum copper solubilization (63%) occurredwith 10% mining tailings using sucrose as the substrate.Other substrates were then evaluated including molasses, corncobs and brewery waste (10% mining tailings). Sucrose gavethe best results for copper removal, followed by molasses,corn cobs and brewery waste. Other experiments usingultrasound as a pretreatment showed that 80% removal of thecopper could be obtained for a 5% tailings concentration. Inconclusion, leaching of copper from mining tailings istechnically feasible using A. niger but furtherresearch will be required to increase the economic feasibilityof the process.