工业锅炉烟气脱硫技术研究

本文针对我国工业锅炉中SO_2的排放情况,对烟气脱硫方法进行了分析讨论,并介绍一种新型高效脱硫除尘器。     

环境生物样品预处理中的微波溶样技术

微波溶样是近年产生的一种崭新的有前途的样品预处理技术，本文评述这一技术在环境、生物样品消解方面的近期应用。     

分级循环—生化法处理煤造气含氰废水

将含有大量悬浮物的洗气箱废水进行初级沉降后，约３／４的废水返回洗气箱用作洗涤水，其余的与洗气塔废水混合进地沉降池去除悬浮物，上清液送至生物滤池进行生化处理去除含氰人合物其他有机物。生化出水经絮凝、澄清后回用于洗气箱和洗气塔实现了废水闭路循环。他     

甲胺磷农药废水生化处理高效菌选育的研究

从用甲胺磷农药废水长期驯化的活污泥中，筛选得到两株降解甲胺磷农药废水中有机磷的高效菌，经鉴定一株为蜡样芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｃｅｒｅｕｓ）。另一株为嗜中温假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｍｅｓｏｐｈｉｌｉｃａ）。确定了上述高效菌的最适生长条件和降解有机磷的能力，混合高效菌的有机磷去除率达９９．７％。     

第三届国际就地生物复原会议概述

第三届国际就地生物复原会议于１９９５年４月２４至２７日在美国加里福尼亚州圣迭哥市举行，会上交流的论文达７００篇，涉及环境污染就地生物治理的各个方面。本文对会议有关情况作了简要介绍。     

试论生物法与“组合法”处理屠宰废水

本文论了宰屠废水的水质特征，我国屠宰废水处理的主要工艺。侧重阐述了生物法与“组合法”处理屠宰废水的运行机理与处理效果。在对比了这两种方法各自优缺点的基础上，作者推荐采用“厌氧（兼氧）－好氧生物法”。     

双流区域地下水污染现状及评价

本文在双流区域地下水污染调查基础之上，选用了主要反映工业生活污染的综合指标ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５和反映农业污染程度的ＮＨ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ作为评价因子，研究了双流地下水污染现状，采用了综合指数法和点群分析法分类并评价了区域地下水污染对饮用水源地的影响程度。     

FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACTIVATED SLUDGE PHOSPHATE RELEASE1

The activated sludge process can remove significant amounts of phosphorus from sewage, but the removal efficiency is usually significantly reduced by the release of phosphate back to solution during subsequent treatment steps. This research presents a study of soluble phosphate release from activated sludge with emphasis on defining the factors that affect such release and the actual release mechanisms. Laboratory units were used for experimental purposes. The experiments were designed to study the relationship between soluble phosphate release and various environmental factors such as redox potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, solids concentration, solids destruction, and sulfate salt addition. The effect of substrate utilization on phosphate uptake and the relationship between uptake characteristics and subsequent phosphate release were also studied. The results show that some phosphate storage occurs during aerobic substrate utilization. Following substrate utilization, activated sludge phosphate release is directly related to the amount of biological stress the organisms are subjected to, and the mechanism of release is primarily cell lysis. The phosphate released per unit sludge under anoxic conditions is relatively constant. Under normal environmental conditions, neither ORP or pH change have a significant affect on phosphate release.     

DIGITAL SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF THERMAL DISCHARGE ON STREAM WATER QUALITY1

A modified transient version of the Streeter-Phelps model along with the energy balance equation is employed to analyze the effects of waste heat discharge from power plants on stream water quality. Analysis is also made to examine the effects of the upstream water quality and stream velocity on the downstream DO concentration level. The resulting coupled nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations representing the energy, BOD and DO concentrations are solved by the method of characteristics and simulated on a digital computer. Final numerical results indicate that the allowable quantity of thermal discharge does heavily depend on the upstream quality.     

MANGANESE CYCLE IN IMPOUNDMENT WATER

Manganese entering impounded water will undergo a cyclic transformation. Oxidation precipitates manganese from top waters. At the bottom of the lake, biological activity will render manganese soluble by both intracellular as well as extracellular activity. The study was made to demonstrate that biological reduction and transformation, organometallic complexation, together with the presence of carbon dioxide and the lowering of pH all have some effect on the solubility of manganese. Dissolved manganese may be brought back to top waters during the lake overturn and therefore deteriorates the water quality.