我国环境标志制度与产品发展现状研究

环境标志是政府管理部门或非政府组织(团体)向有关申报者颁发并表明其产品或服务符合国际或国家环境标准与保护要求的特定标志。我国目前已经形成了以绿色食品标志与有机食品标志为代表的农产品环境标志制度、以中国环境标志为代表的制造业及建筑产品环境标志制度和以能效标识为代表的能效标识制度,以及低碳产品认证制度。我国环境标志产品生产与出口取得了显著成绩,但与发展水平高的国家和地区比较,还存在较大的发展差距。     

综合生物塘系统的研究

综合生物塘系统是一种新型稳定塘系统.本文报道了水生维管束植物的净化、藻-菌共生系统代谢活性、异养活性的变化及出水水质的生态学修饰.结果显示综合生物增系统具有明显的经济、社会及生态效益.这是一种良好的污水处理系统.     

固定化硝化菌去除氨氮的研究

选用氯乙烯醇作为包埋载体,添加适量粉末活性炭,包埋固定硝化污泥,处理以（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４和葡萄糖为主的合成废水,考察了影响固定化工艺及硝化作用的各种因素。对固定化硝化菌的呼吸活性,细菌活性回收率等生物特性进行了测定。     

错流式膜-生物反应器处理生活污水及其生物学研究

用错流式膜－生物反应器（ＣｒｏｓｆｌｏｗＭｅｍｂｒａｎｅＢｉｏＲｅａｃｔｏｒ简称ＣＭＢＲ）进行处理生活污水试验并研究其生物动力学参数．结果表明：当ＨＲＴ为５ｈ,ＳＲＴ为１５ｄ,膜面流速为４ｍ／ｓ,膜通量为７５、１５０Ｌ／（ｍ２·ｈ）时,ＣＭＢＲ处理生活污水试验的去除率为：ＣＯＤ＞９７％、ＮＨ３－Ｎ＞９７％、浊度≥９８％;对ＳＳ和总Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ则达到１００％,出水水质优于建设部生活杂用水回用标准ＣＪ２５．１－８９．生物相分析表明,污泥中没有原、后生动物,只有菌胶团．推导了ＣＭＢＲ稳态运行时的生物浓度计算公式,进而求得表观产率因数Ｙｇ为０．６５,衰减常数Ｋｄ为０．１ｄ－１．     

东太湖沉积物中氮的积累与水生植物沉积

为揭示浅水湖泊沉积物中氮的积累及其与水生植物间的关系,1993年11月在东太湖42个样点上采集了沉积物柱状样品并进行了分析。东太湖硬度小于5kgf/cm²的松软淤积层平均厚度0.96m,全湖淤积量149×106t。粉沙质淤积物中总氮（TN）含量0.009％～0.801％,总有机碳（TOC）含量0.01％～17.36％,变幅极为悬殊。总氮含量与总有机碳含量间呈密切的线性正相关TN（％）＝0.0251TOC（％）＋0.0063,表层沉积物中总氮和总有机碳含量都与水生植物的现存量有较为显著的正相关。这说明,氮和有机碳主要经过水生植物的生物沉积途径进入沉积物,水生植物有将湖水中的氮传输到底泥中,使其进入地球化学循环的功能,这对于降低湖水中的氮含量、防止富营养化有积极的意义     

不同碳源对生物反硝化的影响

在悬浮污泥系统中,当ｐＨ、温度适宜,碳源无限制并采用单一类碳源时,反硝化速率和耗碳速率动力学呈零级反应。混合挥发性脂肪酸碳源的反硝化速率比组成它的单一脂肪酸的反硝化速率高。挥发性脂肪酸中,乙酸的反硝化速率最高。挥发酸的反硝化速率比相应的醇类为高。本文还讨论了降低反硝化系统碳源消耗、减少处理成本的方法。     

投菌生物接触氧化法处理洁霉素废水的机理研究

研究了“水解酸化－二段生物接触氧化－混凝”工艺处理高浓度洁霉素废水处理系统中好氧微生物膜特性,分布规律、降解作用,高效降解菌的选育,投加菌在反应器中能否保持优势等问题,以探讨用投菌生物接触氧化法处理洁霉素废水的机理,对本系统好氧微生物膜进行后仍存于反应器中并占有优势,最优势菌株经鉴定属气单胞菌属、通过对中试好氧处理出水进行定性定量分析,寻找其引起剩余ＣＯＤｃｒ值的原因。     

气态污染物的生物净化技术及应用

生物法净化废气通常可分为生物洗涤,生物过滤及生物滴滤等几种形式,不同组成及浓度的废气有其各自合适的生物净化方式,与传统的吸收,吸附及焚烧法相比,生物法净化废气具有费用低,无二次污染等特点。     

生物技术在有机废气处理中的研究进展

生物法净化有机废气主要有生物吸收法、生物滤池和生物滴滤池等几种形式。与传统的有机废气处理方法相比,生物技术具有费用低、处理效率高、安全性好及无二次污染等特点,在德国、荷兰、日本及北美等国得到广泛应用。     

Bird Species Assemblages as Indicators of Biological Integrity in Great Basin Rangeland

The study evaluates the potential for bird species assemblages to serve as indicators of biological integrity of rangelands in the Great Basin in much the same way that fish and invertebrate assemblages have been used as indicators in aquatic environments. Our approach was to identify metrics of the bird community using relatively simple sampling methods that reflect the degree of rangeland degradation and are consistent over a variety of vegetation types and geographic areas. We conducted the study in three range types (i.e., potential natural plant community types) in each of two widely separated areas of the Great Basin: south-eastern Idaho (sagebrush steppe range types) and west-central Utah (salt-desert shrub range types). Sites were selected in each range type to represent three levels of grazing impact, and in Idaho included sites modified for crested wheatgrass production. Birds were sampled by point counts on 9 100-m radius plots at 250-m spacing on each of 20 sites in each area during the breeding season. In sagebrush-steppe, 964 individuals in 8 species of passerine birds were used in analyses. Five metrics were significantly related to impact class, both when analyzed within range type and when analyzed with all range types combined. Species richness, relative abundance of shrub obligate species, and relative abundance of Brewer's sparrow were generally lower for the higher impact classes, whereas the reverse was true for dominance by a single species and for relative abundance of horned larks. In contrast, total number of individuals did not differ significantly as a function of impact class. In salt-desert shrub, a total of 843 birds in 4 species were included in analyses, 98% of which were horned larks. None of the metrics identified above was significantly related to impact class. Two metrics for breeding birds in sagebrush steppe (species richness and dominance) showed little overlap between values for the extremes of impact class, and thus they have potential as indicators of biological integrity. However, the sensitivity of these metrics appears to be greatest at the high impact end of the spectrum, which suggests they may have limited utility in distinguishing between sites having light and moderate impact.