Effect of treated swimming pool water on the levels of trihalomethanes in swimmer's urine

Swimming pools are considered to be the prime source for public exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), mainly chloroform, because of their use for hygienic purposes. High doses of chlorine are easily perceptible by smell. The aim of this study was to measure simultaneously the THM levels in urine and blood of swimmers and in pool water itself (from city and university swimming pool), in order to investigate further the relationship between substances in different matrices at known environmental levels with uptake of these substances in indoor swimming pools. Volatile analytes were isolated and preconcentrated from the samples by thin layer headspace analysis (TLHS) with autogenous generation of the liquid sorbent. Chloroform, bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane were detected in the urine of all persons attending a swimming pool. Concentrations of THM compounds varied in the case of each swimmer. The research confirmed that approximately 10% of the volatile haloorganic compounds are excreted in urine in the unchanged form.     

Fitness costs of neighborhood disruption in translocations of a solitary mammal

Translocation is used to reestablish wild populations of animals, but translocation projects often do not meet their objectives because postrelease mortality of animals is high. One reason for translocation failure is that the behavioral or ecological requirements of released animals are unmet. Maintaining founder-group social relationships during release can affect reestablishment of social species. Solitary territorial species with stable neighbors (restricted dispersal and lifetime occupation of a home range) of the same species may also benefit from the maintenance of these social relationships during translocation. We translocated Stephens' kangaroo rats (Dipodomys stephensi), a solitary species listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, with and without neighboring kangaroo rats. We compared the settlement (establishment of a stable home range) decisions and fitness of kangaroo rats between the 2 treatments. Kangaroo rats translocated with neighbors traveled shorter distances before establishing territories, had higher survival rates, and had significantly higher reproductive success than kangaroo rats translocated without neighbors. Number of offspring was 24-fold higher for kangaroo rats translocated with neighbors than those translocated without neighbors. Differences in behavior following release may partially explain differences in survival between the 2 groups. Immediately following release, animals translocated with neighbors fought less and spent significantly more time foraging and digging burrows than animals translocated without neighbors. Our results indicate that even for solitary species, maintaining relationships among members of a translocated group of animals can influence translocation success. This study is the first empirical demonstration of the fitness consequences of disrupting social relationships among territorial neighbors.     

微孔草的特征及利用价值研究

微孔草是青藏高原特有植物种,种子油中富含γ-亚麻酸、亚油酸,不饱和脂肪酸的含量达85%以上;种子中含有18种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸的含量达39.74%;矿物质营养元素极其丰富;饼渣中的粗蛋白含量达23.96%。它具有药用、食用和饲用等多种用途。因而,多层次开发利用微孔草资源是提高草地生态系统生产能力的重要措施。     

Antenatal thrombocytopenia in three patients with TAR (thrombocytopenia with absent radii) syndrome

Three fetuses with TAR (thrombocytopenia with absent radii) or TAR variant syndrome were found to be thrombocytopenic during the third trimester of the pregnancy. These findings indicate that fetal blood sampling, besides ultrasonography, skeletal radiographs, or even fetoscopy, may indeed contribute to the prenatal diagnosis of TAR syndrome, and thus may help in differentiating TAR syndrome from other syndromes with malformations of the upper limbs.     

地铁乘客疏散帮助行为及其影响因素的SEM模型*

为研究地铁疏散中乘客帮助行为及其影响因素之间的作用机制,通过对武汉市地铁站乘客疏散行为进行问卷调查,从普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、安全认知、疏散环境和恐慌心理5个维度出发,构建地铁乘客疏散帮助行为及其影响因素的结构方程模型。研究结果表明:普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、安全认知对帮助行为具有直接正向影响,其中安全认知对乘客是否提供帮助行为的影响最大;恐慌心理、疏散环境对帮助行为具有直接负向影响,其中恐慌心理影响较大;安全认知还通过中介变量普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、疏散环境和恐慌心理对帮助行为产生间接影响。     

滇中城市群环境脆弱性分析及发展对策研究

从水资源短缺、水环境污染、城市环境污染等多方面分析了滇中城市群的环境脆弱性，在此基础上，提出了滇中城市群可持续发展的对策。     

基于景观指数的新疆生产建设兵团生态环境变化

在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,以兵团2000、2005、2010年3期TM影像和HJ1A-CCD1影像为主要数据源,研究了兵团景观空间格局变化特征。结果表明,兵团景观类型从2000—2010年发生了较大变化,农田和城镇面积显著增加,草地、灌丛和冰川(永久积雪)显著减少。城镇景观受人为活动干扰强度最大。分析认为,人口和农业机械化是影响农田景观的主要驱动因素,经济发展和小城镇建设是影响城镇景观格局的主要因素,而政策导向是调节兵团景观格局变化的有效途径。     

污水生物处理工艺低温下微生物种群结构

构建有针对性的运行控制策略是我国城市污水生物处理工艺冬季低水温条件下高效稳定运行的重要保证.以我国北方低温期(8～15℃)稳定运行的4个典型污水生物处理工艺为对象,利用高通量测序方法系统解析了活性污泥中的微生物群落及碳、氮、磷去除等关键功能种群结构,阐明了重要功能种群在低温影响下的动态变化及与污染物去除性能间关系,为控制策略的有效建立提供了坚实的科学数据基础.尽管存在着不同工艺形式,但结果表明低温期活性污泥均具有较为良好的种群丰富度,其中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)在低温期优势地位提升;关键功能种群中硝化种属Nitrosomonas受温度影响较大,而作为核心种群的反硝化种属则因分布广泛及多样性高,整体丰度受温度变化影响较小,工艺的反硝化性能仅与回流比具有相关性;Tetrasphaera在4个工艺中广泛存在但仅在厌氧/好氧交替条件下承担主要除磷功能;低温下4个工艺中多种丝状菌优势生长并诱发污泥膨胀,但对出水水质影响较小.