Effects of estrone on the early life stages and expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor genes of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

The fertilized eggs of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to estrone (E1) at 5–5000 ng L⁻¹ for 15 d, and the hatched fry were exposed continuously to the same concentrations for the additional 15 d. Adverse effects on hatchability, time to hatching, and gross abnormalities occurred at 50 ng L⁻¹ or above. Then the fry were divided into a continual exposure group, and a water recovery group. When the fry were exposed to E1 for another 60 d, there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of males and the influence disappeared in the water recovery group. The gonadosonatic index (GSI) of females at 500 ng L⁻¹ decreased significantly in another 60 d exposure. While the fry were maintained in dechlorinated tap water for 60 d, a significant decrease in female GSI was observed at 50 ng L⁻¹ or above. An increased GSI was found in males in both continual exposure and water recovery groups at all E1 treatments. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that vitellogenin-I (Vtg-I) gene expressions in the female liver were significantly down-regulated at 50 ng L⁻¹ in the continual exposure group, and at 500 ng L⁻¹ in the water recovery group, while male Vtg-I genes were significantly up-regulated for all E1 treatments. In addition, all E1 treatments caused sex reversal of males. These results suggest that E1 at 5 ng L⁻¹ or above have unrecoverable impacts on the gonadal growth and development of medaka, even if only early life stages were exposed to E1.     

基于景观指数的新疆生产建设兵团生态环境变化

在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下,以兵团2000、2005、2010年3期TM影像和HJ1A-CCD1影像为主要数据源,研究了兵团景观空间格局变化特征。结果表明,兵团景观类型从2000—2010年发生了较大变化,农田和城镇面积显著增加,草地、灌丛和冰川(永久积雪)显著减少。城镇景观受人为活动干扰强度最大。分析认为,人口和农业机械化是影响农田景观的主要驱动因素,经济发展和小城镇建设是影响城镇景观格局的主要因素,而政策导向是调节兵团景观格局变化的有效途径。     

大连市肿瘤发生率与居民血硒水平的研究

采用新极谱法测定大连市健康居民３００例和癌症患者５０例全血的硒含量,分别为１４６．５±５１．０μｇ／Ｌ（１４８．１±５０．２μｇ／Ｌ和１４４．７±５１．９μｇ／Ｌ）和１２２．７±５５．９μｇ／Ｌ是正态分布类型,均小于我国低硒地区１６０μｇ／Ｌ是     

Respiratory health of road-side vendors in a large industrialized city

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: The literature reports a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms associated with exposure to motor vehicle exhaust emissions and people exposed to vehicle emissions are at risk of reduced lung function and cardiovascular performance. Although the effect of traffic emissions is a known risk to respiratory health, retailers are often situated along major roads in a busy urban environment to maximise customers. Shop assistants in an air-conditioned environment should be less exposed to traffic fumes and their lung function should be better preserved compared to 'unprotected' vendors exposed directly to vehicle emissions. The lung function of these two groups of workers has not previously been compared. The aims of this study are to determine if there is a difference in the concentration of respirable particles of diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10) inside and outside air-conditioned shops along a busy major road; and to compare the lung function parameters, blood lead levels and respiratory symptoms between road-side vendors directly 'exposed' to traffic fumes and vendors working in 'protected' air-conditioned shops along the same road. METHODS: Roadside vendors (n=33) and adjacent shop assistants (n=31) were recruited for the study in a district known to have high emissions and pollution measures. All subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire providing the frequency of their respiratory symptoms. Spirometry pulmonary function tests were conducted and exhaled carbon monoxide levels (ECO), oxygen saturation and blood lead levels (BLL) were measured. PM10 level was concurrently measured in the subject's working environment. Pulmonary function data and ECO levels collected from a cohort of university staff aged > or = 30 years (n=92) at a university campus were included for comparison. RESULTS: The concentration of particulate matter (PM10) at the roadside (210 +/- 70 microg/m3) was significantly higher than inside the shops (130 +/- 40 microg/m3). There was no difference in lung function parameters or BLL between the groups, however the forced vital capacity of both groups of vendors was significantly lower than a 'control' cohort of academic institution personnel (n=92). DISCUSSION: This study illustrated that while the level of pollution improved with air conditioning, this may not be sufficient to prevent respiratory consequences. Our data suggests that a reduction in occupational exposure is not enough to protect these workers. CONCLUSIONS: Air-conditioned work environment is insufficient to protect the respiratory system against the adverse effects of exposure to vehicle emissions. RECOMMENDATIONS: The overwhelming effect of exposure during travel to and from work and at home cannot be underestimated. More stringent guidelines to control pollution appear necessary to protect the respiratory health of both shop-keepers and road-side vendors and further studies to explore the effect on respiratory health of the exposure to pollutants associated with commuting to and from work are warranted.     

人外周血淋巴细胞彗星试验检测饮用水水质毒性研究

应用人外周血淋巴细胞彗星试验对无锡充山水厂、中桥水厂,常州西石桥水厂进出水及金坛市拟用水源地长荡湖湖心水样的生物毒性进行了研究．结果表明,各水样的有机浓集物均可对人外周血淋巴细胞DNA产生不同程度的损伤,存在一定的遗传毒性．试验结果与各水样水质污染状况基本一致．同时,季节变化以及常规水处理过程对水样的生物毒性也有影响．研究表明,彗星试验可有效地用于检测饮用水质有机浓集物遗传毒性．     

两性高分子絮凝剂阴、阳离子基团含量对絮凝性能的影响

合成了一系列带不同阴、阳离子基团含量的高分子絮凝剂，详细讨论了阴、阳离子基团含量对硅藻土悬浮体系絮凝性能（透光率、沉降速度、沉降体积）的影响。结果表明：阴、阳离子基团含量并不是越大越好，它们之间有个协同效应，基团含量太大或太小对絮凝作用都不利。     

皖浙赣相邻区中元古代溪口岩群的划分与对比

通过1：25万区调工作，对变质岩区采用了构造一地(岩)层法填图，区域性标志层的追索与对比，以及所获得的同位素年龄成果，对研究区长期存在的同物异名及同名异物的现象得到了较好的理顺。根据溪口岩群的岩石组合、沉积构造、变质变形特征，将其划分为佛子坑、板桥、木坑、郑家坞四个岩组。溪口岩群和双桥山群、双溪坞群应属大致同时、但在不同大地构造背景下不同沉积环境的产物，溪口岩群与双桥山群、双溪坞群层位相当，但岩性组合差异较大。     

优势菌处理印染废水中水解池的脱色机理

对采用投优势菌群的水解（酸化）-好氧工艺,已稳定运行3年以上的印染废水处理工程的水解池进行菌种的分离、鉴定;对分离得到的10株纯菌进行单株及10株混合菌群的脱色能力、脱色条件试验。结果表明,在数量及脱色能力上,运行前投入的主要用于脱色的分属于假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、红螺菌属的菌株仍占优势;混合菌群的脱色能力优于单株菌,对温度、pH值的适应能力更强,脱色时间更短;菌群的最佳脱色温度是30℃,pH值为9。     

北京市中心城区道路尘土中铂族元素的污染特征

为研究北京市中心城区铂族元素(PGEs)的污染状况,于2009年12月采集了二环道路尘土样品.样品经王水消解和阳离子交换树脂分离纯化后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了道路尘土中PGEs的含量.结果表明,二环道路尘土中,Pd的含量为17.40～458.75 ng.g-1(平均值为126.66 ng.g-1),Pt的含量为10.04～182.89 ng.g-1(平均值为65.25ng.g-1),Rh的含量为4.00～68.04 ng.g-1(平均值为22.67 ng.g-1).与国内外其它城市相比,Pt含量偏低,Pd和Rh含量处于中等水平.总体而言,近几年道路尘土中Pd含量有了较大幅度的升高.中心城区的PGEs平均含量从大到小的顺序为:西二环≈东二环>北二环>南二环,主要受机动车流量控制.不同粒径的道路尘土中PGEs含量不同,0.125～0.25 mm粒径范围内尘土中的PGEs含量最高,而粒径<0.063 mm的尘土中PGEs含量较低.采用粒径<0.063 mm尘土中的PGEs含量来评价整个道路尘土中的PGEs含量容易导致结果偏低,从而低估其在环境的污染水平.     

长期施肥措施下稻田土壤有机质稳定性研究

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对典型稻田生态系统长期定位试验的土壤有机质(SOM)结构进行分析,探讨不同施肥处理下表层与深层土壤有机质的分布差异及其稳定性机制.结果表明,长期不同施肥措施下稻田表层土壤有机碳(SOC)含量以有机-无机肥配施处理最高,其中高量有机肥(HOM)、低量有机肥(LOM)和秸秆还田(STW)处理较对照(CK)处理分别增加了18.5%、12.9%和18.4%.土壤有机质的化学结构也存在一定的差异性,与CK相比,施肥处理均增加了土壤中化学抗性化合物(脂族性、芳香族)、碳水化合物以及有机硅化合物的官能团吸收强度,其中HOM、LOM和STW处理最为明显.以烷烃类化合物为例,HOM、LOM和STW处理下其吸收强度为0.30、0.25和0.29,较CK分别增加了87%、56%和81%.表层土壤有机质各官能团的吸收峰强度皆高于深层土壤,同样以HOM、LOM和STW处理的差异最显著.本研究结果揭示了长期有机-无机肥配施下对亚热带稻田土壤有机质较丰富的化学抗性官能团结构的影响,贡献于其较高的有机质含量,这也从一方面揭示了稻田土壤有机质积累的化学稳定机制.