分组互动教学在环境综合实验课程中的应用

高职高专院校主要培养"实践型"人才,而非"学术型"人才,但在传统的实验教学中存在验证性实验多,而综合性、设计性实验少的现象,不利于培养学生积极探索、合作交流、创造性解决问题的能力。分组互动教学具有调动学生的学习积极性,增强合作与竞争意识,培养独立思考与团队精神,提高实践能力等优点。因此有必要在环境综合实验教学采用分组互动教学法,将不同层次的学生均衡地分布在各个小组中,使学生由被动接受变为主动参与,教师由过去的"主讲"变为"主导",充分调动学生的动脑、动口、动手能力。     

Effect of Family Support on the Success of Translocated Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs

Abstract:  Translocation has become a widely used conservation tool but remains only marginally successful. High mortality is often attributed to predation, but for highly social species, founder group composition may also play a critical role in postrelease survival. I compared the fitness of black-tailed prairie dogs translocated with or without their family groups. Animals in the family translocated groups were individually marked and observed until coterie membership was determined. Nonfamily translocated animals were trapped without regard to family membership. I measured fitness by retrapping all marked animals remaining at release sites in the summer following release. Family translocated animals were five times more likely to survive and had significantly higher reproductive success than those translocated without families. Predation was an important impediment of translocation success, but family translocation significantly reduced the success of predators on newly established prairie dog colonies. Postrelease survival was also affected by the timing of release, but appeared to be more important for juveniles than adults. These results demonstrate the importance of considering familiarity when translocations are required. More broadly, these results illustrate the value of applying animal behavior to conservation efforts and suggest that other species dependent on social interactions for survival and reproduction may benefit substantially from the maintenance of social groups during translocations.     

Ethnic differences in determinants of participation and non-participation in prenatal screening for Down syndrome: A theoretical framework

Objective To develop a theoretical framework for analysing ethnic differences in determinants of participation and non-participation in prenatal screening for Down syndrome. Methods We applied Weinstein's Precaution Adoption Process (PAP) Model to the decision of whether or not to participate in prenatal screening for Down syndrome. The prenatal screening stage model was specified by reviewing the empirical literature and by data from seven focus group interviews with Dutch, Turkish and Surinamese pregnant women in the Netherlands. Results We identified 11 empirical studies on ethnic differences in determinants of participation and non-participation in prenatal screening for Down syndrome. The focus group interviews showed that almost all stages and determinants in the stage model were relevant in women's decision-making process. However, there were ethnic variations in the relevance of determinants, such as beliefs about personal consequences of having a child with Down syndrome or cultural and religious norms. Discussion The prenatal screening stage model can be applied as a framework to describe the decision-making process of pregnant women from different ethnic backgrounds. It provides scope for developing culturally sensitive, tailored methods to guide pregnant women towards informed decision-making on participation or non-participation in prenatal screening for Down syndrome. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国城市污水处理良性运营机制探讨

污水处理不仅能减轻水污染排放，而又是开源节流、实现污水资源化的前提，是解决城市缺水问题的基本途径之一。然而中国城市污水处理面临着设施不足、处理率低和处理资金不足的问题。本文从分析产生上述问题的原因着手，提出城市污水处理业的发展必须走市场化的道路。     

中国健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值与地理因素的关系

收集了中国各地用毛细管法测定的健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值，并对其与地理因素的关系进行了研究，发现海拨高度是影响健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值最主要的因素，随着海拨高度的逐渐增大，健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值也在逐渐的增大，相关性很显著，推导出了一个回归方程，可以用回归方程估算某个地区的健康青年女性全血比粘度参考值．     

国内外群体建筑物震害预测方法研究现状综述

群体建筑物震害预测是确定一个城市或地区某一类建筑在确定强度或某一确定时期内的地震作用下,发生某种破坏程度的概率,其目的是分析建筑物在遭受不同地震烈度影响时可能产生的破坏。系统梳理了现今为止国内外群体建筑物震害预测的学术研究现状,总结归纳了国内外传统的群体建筑物震害预测方法和近二十年来国内对于传统震害预测方法的改进研究进展,以期为城市群体建筑物震害预测研究提供新的视角和基础资料。