常州水污染治理方案研究

本文讨论《常州市水污染治理工程可行性研究》报告的若干结论和该研究的某些方法,着重讨论污染源、运河水质、污染源预测、自净能力和建议方案的要点.     

清洁生产审核中审核师的导向作用

中油辽河工程有限公司清洁生产审核中心对下属企业进行了清洁生产审核。确定了变压器检修车间烘干室为清洁生产审核的重点,对其实施了技术改造,审核工作取得了成功。在审核过程中,审核人员发挥了正确的导向作用,他们具备审核知识并熟练掌握审核程序和方法以及现代管理知识,具有一定的专业技术和实际工作经验。     

关于安全工程专业培养计划的思考

我国经济建设和精神文明正在协调发展 ,如何适应安全科学教育的新发展机遇是人们安全教育工作者所关注和深思的问题。笔者在分析新世纪安全人才需求特点的基础上 ,探讨了安全人才的知识结构与培养模式 ;指出安全工程专业人才 ,除应系统掌握安全科学的基本理论、基本方法以及安全生产的基本规律外 ,还要与采矿、冶金、建筑、机械、电气、化工、交通、环境等专业的必修专业基础课有机结合 ,在课程内容 ,教学结构方面 ,实现优化配置 ,提高学生综合分析和解决实际安全问题的能力。另外 ,在注意多层次培养安全技术人才的同时 ,还要加强对高校其他非安全工程专业大学生的安全知识教育 ,提高其安全文化素质 ,在今后的工作和活动中能自觉充分地考虑安全问题。     

将环境规划纳入国民经济和社会发展规划中的方法初探

社会经济发展的最终目的是提高人民的生活质量,而环境质量是生活质量的重要组成部分,因此环境质量的优劣无疑应成为评价生活质量是否提高的标准之一.同时,保证资源具有可持续的支撑能力更是实现社会经济可持续发展的关键.因此,社会、经济发展规划中应体现出环境与资源因素的影响,这就需要开发现实可行的方法,以用于制定有利于实现可持续发展的区域规划.本文从物质平衡的角度出发,利用投入产出分析作为中介体,针对区域发展的特点提出了将环境成本和资源价值体现在区域投入产出分析中的方法,并探讨了如何将这种方法应用于区域规划研究中.     

Integrating fire management into land-use planning: A multiple-use management research,development, and applications program

The traditional view of fire as a destructive agent requiring immediate suppression is giving way to the view that fire can and should be used to meet land management goals. Thus,fire control is being replaced by the more general concept offire management, which is based on the need to integrate fire policy with land management objectives. The social, economic, and ecologic effects of fire must be evaluated in the selection of land management alternatives.The activities of fire management organizations—fire prevention, control, and use of fire—must respond to needs of land management. Many agencies have developed fire organizations as separate entities that set their own objectives. The many land and resource managers who have recognized the need to incorporate fire considerations into land-use planning have so far lacked the techniques to do so.As a natural process, fire has an important function in forest and range ecosystems. Fire can greatly influence the quantity and quality of resource outputs; it is a two-edged sword that can either harm or benefit our goals, depending upon the complex effects of fire and the nature of our wants.The Fire in Multiple-Use Management Research, Development, and Applications (RD&A) Program was initiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, at the Northern Forest Fire Lab in Missoula to assist land managers. This profile explains what an RD&A program is; discusses its mission, goals, and approach to the problem; and tells why the approach involves federal laboratories, universities, and private research foundations.     

地震危险性分析程序SHA的敏感性分析

地震危险性分析程序ＳＨＡ自８０年代末推行以来,已在全国各省市的重大工程中发挥了很好的作用,为我国的国民经济建设作出了巨大的贡献。本文拟从几个不同的角度对它作一些测试和分析,以期地震界的专家们在今后的工作中使其更为完善,更为合理。     

Landowner Satisfaction with the Wetlands Reserve Program in Wisconsin

We evaluated ecological monitoring data and landowner perceptions to the federally funded Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) in a three-county region in Wisconsin. We surveyed landowner satisfaction, involvement, participation, and use of the WRP restoration sites. We found that landowners are satisfied with the overall program (mean, 3.6 ± 0.2 [SE], on a scale of 1–5, with 5 being completely satisfied). WRP restorations significantly increased the area of wetland within the sites surveyed, the increase was primarily of fresh meadow (736.32 ha after restoration). Satisfaction is related to landowner participation during restoration and to the economic incentives provided by the WRP, Landowner satisfaction and the number of plant communities after restoration are unrelated to each other or to restoration and easement costs per hectare. Survey participants recommended some changes to the WRP, including a reduction in the tax rate of land enrolled in the WRP, approval for permanent deer stands, and increased communication with WRP officials during the restoration. Monitoring information collected for WRP restoration sites does not allow assessment of whether WRP sites are functionally equivalent to natural sites. We suggest that the WRP require a more rigorous monitoring program, including guidelines for invasive species control. Managers should also encourage collaborations with external researchers and consider restorations within an experimental framework.     

新疆鄯善县吐峪沟千佛洞崩塌灾害特征及防治对策探讨

为了查清新疆鄯善县吐峪沟千佛洞旅游区崩塌灾害的危害,对区内崩塌灾害的分布、发育特征、形成影响因素及破坏模式等进行了详细勘查,结果表明崩塌灾害主要受地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、风化、降水、地震、人类工程活动等多种内外因素的影响,崩塌危岩体直接威胁旅游区内人行栈道和部分佛窟;同时针对勘查结果,提出了避让与治理相结合的防治...     

Strategic environmental disclosure: Evidence from the DOE's voluntary greenhouse gas registry

Although mandatory disclosure programs have been studied extensively, strategic voluntary environmental disclosures by firms are not well understood. We study the motivations for and impacts of firms' strategic disclosure of greenhouse gas reductions to the US government. We first model firms' joint abatement and disclosure decisions, incorporating both economic and political incentives. We then use data from the Department of Energy's Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Registry to compare reported reductions to actual emissions. We find that participants in the program engage in highly selective reporting: in the aggregate, they increase emissions over time but report reductions. In contrast, non-participants decrease emissions over time. Participants tend to be large firms facing strong regulatory pressure; pressure from environmental groups reduces the likelihood of participation, suggesting such groups viewed the program as a form of greenwash. Participating in the 1605(b) program had no significant effect on a firm's changes in carbon intensity over time.     

Age and gender differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to being directed to Iowa's driver improvement program

Introduction

This paper investigates potential gender and age differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to being directed to attend Iowa's Driver Improvement Program (DIP).

Methods

Binary logit models were developed to investigate the factors that influence conviction occurrence after DIP by gender and age. Because of the low crash occurrence subsequent to DIP, association rules were applied to investigate the factors that influence crash occurrence subsequent to DIP, in lieu of econometric models.

Results

There were statistical significant differences by driver gender, age, and conviction history in the likelihood of subsequent convictions. However, this paper found no association between DIP outcome, crash history, and crash occurrence.

Impact on industry

Evaluating the differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to DIP between female and male drivers, and among different age groups can lead to improvements of the effectiveness of DIPs and help to identify low-cost intervention measures, customized based on drivers’ gender and age, for improving driving behaviors.