矿井通风网路的线性解算法及其程序设计

针对“京大二试算法”存在的不足——当已知矿井总风量时,“京大二试算法”的迭代格式是错误的,解算出的风量分配不合理,提出了矿井通风网络线性算法的数学模型.该通风网络算法是将支路特性方程变换为线性关系,则风网回路方程被线性化,就可以应用线性逼近法求解.该算法弥补了“京大二试算法”的缺陷,当已知矿井总风量时,解算出的风量值更接近真值,结果更加精确.介绍了线性算法数学模型的迭代格式及迭代精度问题,并编制了该线性算法的Matlab程序,程序简单,节省计算时间,给出了算法原理,并以实例进行计算,得到了令人满意的结果.     

Forest planning across Europe: the spatial scale,tools, andinter-sectoral integration in land-use planning

New approaches to forest planning are needed to support the transition of European forests to sustainable management. The aim of this study is to review forest planning systems already in place throughout Europe by exploring a set of case-study countries reflecting the main silvicultural schools of Western Europe, including Belgium, Finland, France, Italy, Portugal, and Slovenia.

A literature review and case-study data were used to assess the scale factors (vertical logic) as well as the relationships between forest planning and other environmental/land-use planning sectors (horizontal logic). The influence of EU policy on the development of forest planning is also discussed. As assessed using the vertical logic, the multi-scale and multi-topic planning approaches adopted in the countries studied here are highly heterogeneous. The horizontal logic shows that despite the importance of an inter-sectoral and harmonic relational framework between forest planning and the planning efforts of other sectors such as landscape and urban planning, the various plans are barely consistent with each other across the European countries studied here. Although interest is growing in the multi-functionality of forests, their sustainable management calls for the development of better integrated planning approaches across Europe.     

Referee analyses: A better approach than data validation

Data validation, as prescribed in guidance documents provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), yields legal evidence that an analytical laboratory has performed analyses according to predetermined specifications. This validation process, because it involves only the checking of procedural documentation, provides minimal information concerning the technical validity of the data. Unfortunately, in the minds of many, the performance of such a data validation has become synonymous with technical validity. A better approach is to implement a routine program of referee analyses. That is, submit a predetermined number of samples from the project to a second laboratory. A routine program of this type provides a self-checking and self-correcting mechanism for determining whether data are technically valid. Publication No. 3874, Environmental Sciences Division, ORNL. Managed by Martin-Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-840R21400.     

枣庄市医疗废物处理对策研究浅析

通过对医疗废物的危害和相关处理技术等问题的研究,提出枣庄市医疗废物处理对策的研究方案,为建立枣庄市医疗废物集中处理中心提供参考,可作为政府及相关业务主管部门的决策依据。     

GLOBAL WATER ISSUES AND THE WORLD WATER COUNCIL1

ABSTRACT: The key events and the process that led to the creation of the World Water Council on World Water Day 1996 are reviewed and its characteristics summarized. The development of this new organization is discussed in the context of the major global trends in water and water-related issues, viz. growing water scarcity with its links to limits on food production and demographic patterns. In response to the need to find solutions to these pressing water issues, the development of a Technical Program based on the deliberations of the founding member organizations and a number of short-term activities have been outlined to demonstrate the evolution of the Council in this first year of its existence. Given the importance of complementarity between the Council and the Global Water Partnership, an attempt has been made to articulate the mutually-reinforcing roles of the two organizations.     

A PROBABILISTIC BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF A ZONING PROGRAM FOR FLOOD PLAINS1

ABSTRACT: Various techniques, one of which is zoning, are used to control the extent of flood damage. The benefit-cost analysis of zoning programs must take into account the random nature of flooding. This paper outlines a method for determining not only the expected value of the benefit-cost ratio, but also the probability of such a zoning program being profitable. It also presents an application of the method to the assessment of the Outaouais Regional Community zoning program.     

铁路道口安全与框构桥设计软件实现

铁路平交道口是铁路运输中常发生列车和汽车事故的地方 ,在列车经过平交道口时 ,汽车和行人等都必须停在道口两侧 ,严重地影响了交通安全 ,甚至有火车与熄灭在道口的汽车相撞 ,造成火车脱轨的重大事故。因此 ,平交道口改为立体交叉已势在必行。笔者提出了将平交道口改建为框构桥的设计方法 ,并用面向对象的程序设计方法实现了框构桥的自动设计、分析、计算及绘图等过程 ,将极大提高框构桥设计的工作效率 ,加快平改立的速度 ,尽快消除安全隐患     

治理滇池草海水环境的成套技术

草海是滇池的一部分,大量污水排入使草海水体污染日益严重,水体已达重富营养化水平,生态平衡遭受严重破坏,水功能基本丧失。为了保护滇池,必须彻底根治草海,对草海的根治拟采取如下综合成套技术:①改造城市排水系统;②对重点工业废水中的有毒有害污染物进行治理;③城市面源治理;④草海底泥疏挖;⑤污染物现场清除技术;⑥大型水生植物恢复技术;⑦水资源的合理调整。制定了草海及滇池治理的三期规划,实施总投资约３０亿人民币。      

石墨炉升温程序的灰化技术

本文以测定铅为例,研究了石墨炉升温程序的灰化技术,包括基体干扰的消除,基体改进剂和Ｌ’ｖｏｖ平台的应用。