Persistent organochlorine contaminants in hair samples of Northern Poland population, 1968-2009

The European regulation on chemicals, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), came into force on 1 June 2007. With pre-registration complete in 2008, data for these substances may provide an overview of the expected chemical space and its characteristics. In this paper, using various in silico computation tools, we evaluate 48 782 neutral organic compounds from the list to identify hazardous and safe compounds. Two different classification schemes (modified Verhaar and ECOSAR) identified between 17% and 25% of the compounds as expressing only baseline toxicity (narcosis). A smaller portion could be identified as reactive (19%) or specifically acting (2.7%), while the majority were non-assigned (61%). Overall environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential were evaluated using structure-activity relationships and a multimedia fugacity-based model. A surprisingly high proportion of compounds (20%), mainly aromatic and halogenated, had a very high estimated persistence (>195 d). The proportion of compounds with a very high estimated bioconcentration or bioaccumulation factor (>5000) was substantially less (6.9%). Finally, a list was compiled of those compounds within the applicability domain of the models used, meeting both persistence and bioaccumulation criteria, and with a long-range transport potential comparable to PCB. This list of 68 potential persistent organic pollutants contained many well-known compounds (all halogenated), but notably also five fluorinated compounds that were not included in the EINECS inventory. This study demonstrates the usability of in silico tools for identification of potentially environmentally hazardous chemicals.     

利用欧氏距离函数评估海河流域暴雨灾害

考虑气象数据的特点和灾后评估的时效性,针对暴雨灾害的平均降水强度、最大降水影响范围、持续时间,利用欧氏距离等数学方法,研究了海河流域暴雨灾害的气象评估模型.利用该评估模型对1960 - 2008年间的海河流域暴雨进行了评估,结果表明,等级划分合理,所评估的暴雨气象等级级别与海河流域历史上对应的洪灾事件影响程度非常吻合.     

机场货站易爆危险品存储区外部安全防护距离研究

为合理设定机场货站易爆危险品存储区外部安全防护距离,基于爆炸威力计算模型,利用有限元分析软件AUTODYN模拟包装约束下爆炸品爆炸冲击波特性,通过引入包装约束系数,描述包装材料对爆炸威力影响,计算航空运输易爆危险品存储区外部安全防护距离.结果表明:1 mm厚度聚碳酸酯、钢和铝材质外包装的包装约束系数分别为0.9047,...     

基于经济性评价的北京市平原区农村污水治理模式优化研究

随着我国农村生活污水治理深入推进,治理模式优选逐渐成为制约村污治理成效的关键.针对农村生活污水治理模式判据缺失的现状,结合北京市农村生活污水治理背景,系统梳理北京市农村生活污水治理历程和治理现状,采用费用效益分析方法,建立基于两级临界距离的治污模式判据,以通州区潞城镇治污模式优化作为案例研究,验证治污模式判据的时效性....     

古商业街木结构建筑防火间距的数值模拟研究

古商业街木结构建筑较多,防火间距先天不足,发生火灾后蔓延迅速,有必要开展木结构建筑引燃特性研究以获得合理的防火间距设置参数.以古商业街为研究对象,以临界温度和热辐射强度作为着火建筑对面木结构建筑被引燃的判定指标,综合考虑环境风速、建筑间距、火源功率、喷淋系统等因素,运用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS分析系列火灾场景下的温度和...