Building consensus on divisive issues: a case study of the Yukon wolf management team

This article presents a case study of a successful effort to reach agreement on one of the most intractable environmental issues of our time: wolf management. This case is unusual in several ways. In this case, the members of the negotiating team were ordinary citizens rather than leaders of organized groups. This team was given an unusually high level of authority to write the plan as they saw fit; the agency pledged to implement “whatever they came up with.” The agency convened the process, but agency personnel were not members of the team and attended only when they were invited. The team members were able to reach agreement on this tough issue even though polar opposites were at the table—one who felt that wolves are a “spiritual essence” and another who felt that, as he put it, “wolves, coyotes, and cockroaches have a lot in common”. They produced a detailed plan that addressed all the issues in just 5 months. Another unusual aspect of this effort is that the final agreement does not list the team members. They explained that they wanted their plan to “stand alone” and be judged based on what it said, not on who was involved.However, just after their agreement was completed, a new, pro-wolf control government was elected that refused to endorse the plan. While the government gave various reasons for not ratifying the plan, more and more diverse interest groups came out in support for both the plan and the process that created it. Eventually, overwhelming public support forced the government to sign and implement the plan as written. This demonstrates that, while it is important for a team to seek the sanction of decision-makers, it is perhaps even more important for the general public to see the effort and the final agreement as fair. Strong support from a broad spectrum of the public can help win the necessary political support.In addition to discussing the unorthodox aspects of this consensus-building effort, this article also attempts to give the reader a front row seat to this process by using the informants' own words—words rich in detail, brimming with color and spoken straight from the heart. Certainly their experience dispels any notion that such efforts are simply a matter of following a recipe. During the process, members of the negotiating team experienced the entire gamut of emotions—anger, defeat, humor and, finally, a genuine sense of pride. As team member Patty Denison put it, “We showed that a random group of people could work together and do something truly monumental.”     

哈密地区新型建筑材料天然放射性核素含量及居民受照剂量估算

用放射化学分析方法对哈密地区主要新型建材中＾２２６Ｒａ、＾２３２Ｔｈ、＾４０Ｋ含量分析测定。结果表明，放射性核素比活度限制值内照射指数和外照射指数平均范围值分别为０．０２－０．２６，０．０３－０．６６。花岗岩石材和涂釉制品最高，装饰材料最低。建材所致居民内、外照射年有效剂量当量为０．０６－０．９６ｍＳｖ．ａ＾－１，明显低于哈密地区室内环境γ辐射及氡子体所致居民年有效剂量当量实际调查值１．４３ｍＳｖ     

A new index for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings to achieving UN sustainable development goals in Jordan

Jordan faces stringent energy challenges mainly in the form of import dependence and escalating demand. The building sector accounts for 58% of total national electricity consumption and therefore plays an important role in addressing these challenges. This article investigates how energy efficiency in green buildings certified by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system contribute towards achieving United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jordan. Furthermore, this paper proposes a new Comprehensive Contribution to Sustainable Development Index (CCSDI) to assess the contributions of implementation of the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) category to achieve UN SDGs in Jordan. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to obtain data. Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to evaluate the contributions of LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the EA category. Results indicate a positive relationship between the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in category and UN SDGs 7?9 and 12?13. We conclude that our proposed CCSDI is a robust tool for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings towards achieving UN SDGs in Jordan.     

旧工业建筑再生利用施工风险应急管理研究

为了解决旧工业建筑再生利用施工风险难以快速应对以及特征属性数据缺失的问题,通过对近年历史案例的收集,将规则推理（RBR）引入案例推理（CBR）中,构建旧工业建筑再生利用施工风险应急管理模型。利用组合权重的方法,求出各特征属性的权值;通过计算结构相似度来处理缺失的属性数据,并结合特征属性相似度,求出全局相似度,检索出相似度最大的案例;通过RBR对检索案例的应对措施进行适用性修正,提高应对措施的针对性;最后,选取案例对模型进行应用说明,结果表明:模型具有较强的适用性,可用于旧工业建筑再生利用施工阶段的风险应急管理。     

旧工业建筑改造工程安全监管博弈分析

通过构建博弈模型来研究旧工业建筑改造安全监管过程中政府监督管理部门和业主方的均衡战略,并分析修正后纳什均衡中的关键因素对博弈双方行为选择的影响。结果表明:增加业主方收益、减少监管成本、加大惩罚力度等可有效提高政府监督管理部门的监管效率,从而减少安全事故的发生,提高改造工程的质量。     

Sustainable development of building of extensive roof greening in Taiwan

Taiwan government specifies that the average roof thermal transmittance must be less than 0.8 (w/(m²·k)) for the design of all residential buildings in order to implement the policy of saving energy. However, self-disciplined architects practice the design of aesthetic roof to blend in with green landscape so that they urgently expect the academia to provide roof greening technical information to support their idea of designing green roofs for residential buildings. In this research, a single-family housing unit is used for investigating the possibility of applying extensive roof greening to achieve building sustainable development. The experiment tasks focused on the soil denudation caused by rainwater washing and replenishing the soil carbon by irrigating the soil with gray water. Using tap water to irrigate the green roof for 12, 16, and 14 weeks causes nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, respectively, to be reduced to less than the original levels, respectively. Applying gray water to irrigate the green roof soil will raise the soil fertility by improving nitrogen and phosphate but not obvious for potassium.     

The influence of building renovation and rental housing on urban trees

Urban forest ecosystems are complex and vulnerable social–ecological systems. The relationship between urban forests and housing is particularly variable and uncertain. We examine the influence of building renovation and rental housing on public trees at the parcel and street-section scale in a residential neighbourhood in Toronto, Canada. We use empirical data describing multiple tree inventories and government open data describing building permit applications to test for effects on urban forest structure, tree mortality, and tree planting. We found that the presence and number of building permits significantly predicted mortality at both scales, while planting was positively correlated with building permits at the street-section scale only. Multi-unit parcels had significantly lower rates of planting than single-unit parcels and multi-unit housing was positively correlated with mortality at the street-section scale. These findings suggest that where concentrated changes in housing stock are occurring, substantial losses of trees and associated ecosystem services are possible.     

毒气泄漏威胁下建筑气密性对就地避难效果影响研究*

针对我国毒气泄漏生产安全事故中就地避难策略的选择缺乏依据的问题，基于毒气扩散理论、建筑气密性分级模型及毒物浓度伤害准则，评析位于毒气泄漏源不同距离处不同气密性建筑作为“就地避难场所”的可靠性与有效性。结果表明:事故中，室外毒气浓度短时间内达到峰值后迅速回落，而室内毒气浓度达到峰值后回落缓慢；室内毒气浓度达到峰值所需时间受气密性影响小，但其降速随气密性等级的增大而明显放缓。最后，研究提出距泄漏源不同距离处就地避难建筑应达到的气密性水平。     

建筑拆除垃圾应用于水泥混合材的试验研究

选用赣州地区20世纪90年代建成的现已达到拆除期限的建筑物的废弃混凝土和废弃粘土砖,分析了其化学组分和矿物组分,然后通过不同建筑垃圾掺量混合材试验、活性激发试验以及复合混合材试验。结果表明,掺适量建筑垃圾可有效提高水泥的早期强度;添加Ca O能够激发废弃混凝土活性,可达81%,可提高废弃粘土砖活性39.58%;废弃混凝土和废弃粘土砖相互抑制了彼此活性,不宜混合回用。建议建筑垃圾必须分类和活性激发,有利于提高建筑垃圾水泥的强度。     

塔里木河流域游牧定居问题的初步研究

塔里木河干流传统的游牧生产方式造成乱挖引水口，不仅水资源浪费很大，而且给环境治理带来很大困难。进行游牧定居和实行农牧结合将会促进牧民脱贫致富和环境治理。区域实现游牧定居的有利条件是：光热资源丰富，宜农荒地面积大；沿河两岸草地质量较好，适于发展人工灌溉草场；水资源利用潜力大；定居人口数量不多