某水电站消防设备布置与控制的探讨

预防火灾和减少火灾危害,保护公民人身、公共财产的安全,维护公共安全是水电站建设管理的一个重要组成部分.笔者通过从水电站周围环境、地形条件、消防车道、消防水源、总平面布置、防火区划分等的分析探讨,为切实增强水电站抗御火灾提供依据.     

建筑火灾轰燃的影响因素与预测

为了预防建筑火灾轰燃的发生,提出了在建筑的设计阶段,应从建筑内可燃物的燃烧特性、通风情况、壁面内衬材料、建筑面积和形状等因素着手,采用综合预测方法对设计方案进行评估和验证,并提出了各因素变化对发生轰燃影响程度的无量纲重要度参数,通过比较各因素参数绝对值的大小,找出轰燃的重要影响因素,从而为制定有效的整改方案提供依据。     

创业街办公大楼桩基础设计计算

建筑物的设计要求和建筑场区的工程地质条件决定了基础方案的选择。本文通过计算和对比创业街办公大楼桩基础不同桩径在不同桩端持力层的单桩竖向极限承载力标准值,合理地选择了持力层,确定了桩径和桩长;在此基础上分别对桩身和承台结构进行设计计算和强度验算,并利用ANSYS软件计算矩形群桩基础中点和角点沉降量,绘制沉降量预测曲线,结果显示沉降量满足规范要求。该设计可用于指导工程施工。     

连续微滤用于钢铁厂废水处理的生产性测试

采用国产连续微滤膜(CFM)系统对多源进水条件下钢铁污水处理厂生物处理出水进行深度处理,通过现场实测其进出水水质和性能参数,分析了该系统对钢铁废水生化二级出水的水质处理效果及其运行状况,结果表明:连续微滤膜(CFM)系统运行稳定,具有较强的耐污能力,对水中COD平均去除率约为19.6%,SS平均去除率约为72.7%,总氮和总磷的去除率随进水水质变化波动较大,通过该系统膜的截留作用可有效去除水中COD、悬浮物、胶体和有机颗粒,能够使水质满足多用途回用和反渗透预处理要求。河流划分为容量型、点源污染型、农业面源型和混合型等四种类型。建议对不同类型河流应采取不同控制对策,点面结合,综合防治。系统每3～5周左右进行化学反洗后,膜通量与跨膜压差等膜性能参数可基本恢复至起始水平。     

煤矸石砖在生态建筑中应用的市场潜力

通过分析煤矸石堆积所带来的环境问题以及在煤矸石砖与传统的黏土砖进行比较的基础上,从经济效益、环境效益以及社会效益几个方面分析了煤矸石砖在生态建筑中的应用前景,说明了煤矸石砖在生态建筑中应用的市场潜力是无穷的。     

浅议“创模”指标的变化与发展

根据“十五”、“十一五”期间“创模”指标体系,分析了各阶段指标体系差异和变化,而最新的指标体系能更全面地反映环境质量。同时,“创模”指标的变化趋势分析表明,“创模”指标的发展必然是反映当时的环保工作重点,“创模”的基本条件门槛会不断提升,“创模”指标的内涵会不断丰富,以确保国家环境保护模范城市的先进性和示范性。     

Surprising cooperation despite apparently irreconcilable differences: Agricultural water use efficiency and CALFED

Much has been said about the need and benefits of consensus building for resolving disagreements about water and environmental management. Less has been said about how to better convene and facilitate those processes. This paper focuses on the latter, examining the challenges and breakthroughs encountered when decision-makers convene consensus building processes that seek an agreement among stakeholders who believe they have “apparently irreconcilable differences.” The research described here analyzes two multi-stakeholder, collaborative processes convened by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program (CALFED) on the issue of agricultural water use efficiency in the Sacramento and San Joaquin river watersheds of California. The first process made very little progress; however, stakeholder representatives in the second were able to forge an agreement that included significant innovation and surprising risk taking by all sides. Analyzing the two processes, this paper shows that the stakeholders, conveners, and facilitators in these processes had to do much more than make the discrete trades across interests envisioned in consensus building theory or reframing as described in theories about conflict and frames. Looking at the data, this paper shows how several concepts from outside consensus building—including boundary objects and interlanguage—along with less well-known concepts and issues within the consensus building literature—bricolage and representation—can provide insights into how the Steering Committee accomplished what it did. This paper introduces these additional concepts, how they mattered in this CALFED process, and suggests a complex set of interrelated insights into how future collaborative and integrative environmental programs can approach the most difficult environmental policy and management conflicts.     

海南省环境监测能力建设重点发展方向探讨

简述了我国环境监测能力建设现状及其对海南省的启示,分析了海南省环境监测能力建设目前存在的问题。阐述了海南省环境监测能力建设发展思路,提出以提高监测队伍素质为突破口,建立符合实际的环境监测管理体系,建立环境预警监测网络体系,发挥优势突出特色环境监测和强化环境监测质量管理体系建设等重点方向,并提出加强环境监测能力建设的对策和措施。     

积极探索生态创建之路力促区域环境、经济“双赢”

从生态区建设的角度,结合沈阳市和平区生态区创建工作实际,就生态区创建的意义、区域生态现状评价及生态区创建过程中产生的问题,提出对策。     

多层建筑多维基础隔震体系的研究

地震灾害是自然灾害之首,地震造成的建筑物破坏倒塌是人员伤亡财产损失的主因,特别是在小城镇、农村,大量的未纳入抗震管理也无抗震措施的多层建筑,面临诸多地震安全隐患,多维隔震体系是多层建筑地震安全的有效保障,从建筑物基础下部的垫层隔震到基础上部的滑移隔震层,再会同基础周边的隔震带,三种隔震方法在三个方面综合互补共同作用,使建筑基础底部到建筑周边都能阻隔消减地震波对建筑结构产生的影响,以达到隔震的目的。