熵权TOPSIS法在优选低放射性装饰建筑材料中的应用

文章介绍了熵权TOPSIS法的原理,并尝试用该方法分别对不同地区生产的装饰建筑材料釉面砖、花岗石的各项指标进行优化排序,以此来达到优选低放射性装饰建筑材料的目的。首先用熵权TOPSIS法给予所选装饰建筑材料样品数及放射性核素含量的指标数据进行处理,然后对不同指标赋予不同的权重,最后通过SAS软件进行相应的数据分析及优劣排序,得到最佳的低放射性装饰建筑材料样品为四川彩釉砖和河南花岗石。通过本文的结果可以看出应用熵权TOPSIS法进行低放射性装饰建筑材料的优选是可行的,也为以后优选低放射性装饰建筑材料提供了方法上的借鉴。     

住宅外墙保温工程环境问题调查与分析——以乌鲁木齐市米东区为例

节能减排体现在人类社会生活的方方面面,建筑节能实践是其重要领域之一。米东区是乌鲁木齐市城建规划中的重点发展城区,在乌鲁木齐市未来社会发展中占据极为重要地位。本文根据随机选取的200户人家入户问卷调查数据,对乌鲁木齐市米东区外墙保温工程应用中存在的主要环境问题进行了探讨,认为主要存在使用稳定性、安全性及视觉性污染等问题,并提出了相应的建议和对策。这对乌鲁木齐市米东区节能减排和建筑节能工作的推广具有重要意义。     

实施环境标志标准对建筑、建材行业节能减排促进作用

以中国环境标志建筑、建材标准为研究对象,介绍了中国环境标志的定义及其标准遵循的原则,介绍了环境保护部发布的环境标志标准HJ/T351-2007《生态住宅(住区)》、HJ/T296-2006《卫生陶瓷》、HJ/T297-2006《陶瓷砖》和HJ/T412-2007《预拌混凝土》的主要内容,分析了实施上述标准对建筑、建材行业节能减排的促进作用。     

一种基于区间数的施工企业安全评价模型

施工企业安全评价是一种多指标综合决策行为,评价指标值具有模糊性,可以利用区间数进行量化.基于上述思路,提出了一种基于区间数的施工企业安全评价模型.首先定义评价对象与评价标准的单指标距离测度,然后利用线性评价函数和区间数运算法则计算评价对象与评价标准之间的综合距离测度,评价对象的安全状况属于综合距离测度最小值对应的等级.该模型物理意义明确,计算过程简捷,最大限度地保留了评价系统的原始信息.给出了一个应用实例说明了模型的应用方法,评价结果表明,该方法结论合理可信.     

高层住宅楼小天井与外廊结构的消防安全问题研究

高层住宅楼已经成为城市建筑中最主要的建筑形式,高层住宅楼的小天井由于具有采光、通风功能又可以节省占地面积而受到开发商和用户的青睐。高层住宅楼采用小天井和外廊结构可能带来的消防安全问题,给城市的消防安全管理增加了不确定因素。采用数值模拟的方法构建了采用小天井与外廊结构的高层住宅楼火灾场景,并开展现场热烟试验,研究了小天井与外廊结构的火灾危险性,对采用防火玻璃分隔方法的可行性进行了论证。研究结果显示,采取使用防火玻璃将小天井和外廊进行分隔的消防措施,不利于外廊烟气的排放和人员疏散。     

美国休斯敦市区GPS沉降观测站布设实例研究

随着城市建设的快速发展,大量的城市地下水、矿产资源被大规模的开发和利用以及城市高层建筑建设,导致城市地面沉降危害日益显著,及时的掌握和了解地表沉降情况,是预防城市环境沉降危害的关键,本文提出采用GPS测量技术的地表沉降观测站的研究和设计,通过在美国休斯敦大都市采用构建地表沉降观测站,对地表沉降进行全天候观测和数据采集,为分析美国休斯敦大都市地表沉降变化规律,对城市环境沉降危害预测提供了准确的观测数据支持.     

Stakeholders' views towards flood risk management in the Paz River catchment area of Guatemala and El Salvador

The river Paz is a transboundary river that flows through Guatemala and El Salvador. Its frequent floods endanger the lives and livelihoods of downstream communities. Attempts have previously been made to develop flood management programmes for this watershed. However, these approaches were generally made by high-level governmental institutions with few if any contributions from floodplain communities and other stakeholders. Recognising that public consultation is a key aspect in flood management programmes, we intend in this work to extract different stakeholders' views regarding current and future flooding and flood management programmes in the Paz River basin. This is achieved using Future Scenarios Workshops with a projected time horizon of 30 years. The exercise was expected to identify consensual short- and medium–long-term flood management strategies for the Paz River basin that draws on input from inhabitants of flood-prone areas and other stakeholders.     

Leadership in sustainability planning: propagating visions through empathic communication

Despite their lack of decision-making power, planners frequently prevail in advancing strong sustainability agendas. A review of leadership and planning literature suggests that they employ collaborative practice. Using an ethnographic methodology that draws from the stories and actions of six planners with sustainability mandates, supplemented with a survey of their staff and colleagues, this research examines how they do it. Findings suggest that despite variety in their organisational contexts, the planners relied on strong visions and on forging and maintaining relationships to set and implement sustainability mandates. The planners deployed participative and collaborative values selectively in support of their mandates.     

Regulatory failures,split-incentives,conflicting interests and a vicious circle of blame: the New Environmental Governance to the rescue?

This paper addresses a current trend of New Environmental Governance (NEG). It examines whether NEG is able to overcome a series of complex regulatory barriers and market shortfalls that stand in the way of carbon emissions reductions in the building sector. Building on an evaluation of 20 NEG arrangements from Australia and the Netherlands, it discusses the limits of the effective implementation and use of NEG in this sector. The paper concludes by suggesting three strategies to improve the performance of NEG arrangements in the building sector.     

考虑人口老龄化的地铁安全疏散仿真研究

为研究老龄化程度对地铁安全疏散的影响,基于人口统计学数据,运用多智能体仿真方法模拟2050年人口老龄化情况下徐州市某地铁站乘客疏散情况,并通过视觉智能识别方法验证仿真模型对地铁乘客疏散描述的准确性。研究结果表明:老龄化比例增加一定程度上会使疏散时间增加,老龄化比例对总体疏散时间的影响程度与疏散总人数有关,疏散总人数越低,随着老龄化比例的增加整体疏散时间显著增加。