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651.
652.
Kalliopi?SapountzakiEmail author Louis?Wassenhoven 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2005,7(4):433-452
The paper focuses on the example of a local island community in Greece, to illustrate the difficulties of effective consensus
building, in support of sustainable policies. In the first section the issue of sustainability and the importance of participation
are discussed, before moving to a brief outline of the nature of participation and its sources since the 1960s. It follows
an analysis of the epistemological framework of consensus building process which is considered as the most integrated and
sophisticated version of participatory planning. This analysis serves as a background for judging the appropriateness of consensus
building for the resolution of an environmental problem harassing a Greek island community. It is about the problem of water
availability and management in the small Aegean island of Leros. The paper shows how illegal practices in the use of water,
administrative fragmentation and confusion over knowledge of the problem and its solutions lead to divisions in the stakeholder
groups and to obstacles in the way of participation. The intrinsic problems embedded in Greek (and probably not alone) society
and political culture, which prevent collective action and participation, account in part for the anticipated risk of unwelcome,
illegitimate outcomes of a potential consensus building process. Nevertheless, if communicative planning is to gain universal
acceptance, it should first resolve some critical theoretical and practical shortcomings related to its normative, ethical
and philosophical assumptions.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
653.
The Mae Tao Clinic, located on the Thailand-Burma border, has provided health services for illegal migrant workers in Thailand and internally displaced people from Burma since 1989. In 2001, the clinic launched a project with the primary aim of improving reproductive health services and the secondary aim of building clinic capacity in monitoring and evaluation (M&E). This paper first presents the project's methods and key results. The team used observation of antenatal care and family-planning sessions and client exit interviews at baseline and follow-up, approximately 13 months apart, to assess performance on six elements of quality of care. Findings indicated that improving programme readiness contributed to some improvement in the quality of services, though inconsistencies in findings across the methods require further research. The paper then identifies lessons learned from introducing M&E in a resource-constrained setting. One key lesson was that a participatory approach to M&E increased people's feelings of ownership of the project and motivated staff to collect and use data for programme decision-making to improve quality. 相似文献
654.
Saunders G 《Disasters》2004,28(2):160-175
Key dilemmas and challenges for those involved in the shelter sector are described, based on issues that emerged from the extensive global consultative process undertaken to inform the revision of the Sphere handbook. The range of perspectives on the major themes is presented, with suggestions as to how these issues could be progressed. Themes include the poor definition of the sector and the lack of a consistent approach among the leading shelter actors; the absence of a common terminology; the conflict between "temporary" versus "durable" solutions; the disconnect between technical advisers and the field; the need for greater recognition of local coping strategies and the local context; the involvement of recipients and host governments in policy development; the need for better "how-to" guidance; and the limited incorporation of the emerging themes of livelihoods etc. to date. 相似文献
655.
采动区建筑物移动变形规律实测研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
为了研究开采影响下的建筑物移动变形规律、指导矿井安全生产,兴隆庄煤矿专门在4326综放工作面上方设立建筑物移动观测站。通过对观测资料的分析研究,获得该区条件下建筑物的移动变形规律,给出建筑物移动变形与地表移动变形之间的单因素系列关系式,并总结了不同长高比条件下建筑物变形与地表变形之间的综合关系式,获得的一些有益成果为矿区建筑物下安全采煤及采动区建筑物保护设计提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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利用中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室的五层模型楼研究多层多室建筑火灾,介绍了缩小比例(1:2)的实验设计方案、五层模型楼的改造方案并对温度测量、风流风压差测量、烟流成份测量、图像数据采集、实验过程中使用的燃料以及测点分布等进行了介绍,其中的实验结果将在后续的研究中进行报道. 相似文献
659.
本文以川西北牧区为例,探讨了定居聚落生态系统的结构、功能和特点,并针对目前川西北高寒牧区定居聚落生态系统存在的主要问题提出了一些对策建议。 相似文献
660.
Tim Forsyth 《Natural resources forum》2005,29(2):165-176
This article contributes to debates about climate change policy and technology transfer by analyzing the success factors underlying collaboration between private companies and communities in developing countries. To date, much attention to capacity building for enabling environments — including public–private collaboration — under the climate change convention has focused on state‐led initiatives and on the innovation and development of technologies. This article, instead, focuses on how private‐sector investors and host communities may collaborate in the diffusion of technologies, by reducing the costs of technology transfer, and making technology more appropriate to developing countries. The article describes cases of collaboration concerning waste management and waste‐to‐energy in Thailand and the Philippines. The article argues that successful public–private partnerships between investors and communities depends on minimizing transaction costs, strengthening collaborative (or assurance) mechanisms, and in maximizing public trust and accountability of partnerships. Lessons are then drawn for enhancing capacity building for technology transfer under the climate change convention and applications such as the Clean Development Mechanism. 相似文献