老填埋场竖向加高扩容工程的沉降计算与分析

针对老填埋场竖向加高扩容时垃圾堆体沉降机理的特殊性,将老垃圾堆体的沉降分为3部分:主固结沉降、次应力沉降、降解沉降,并研究各部分沉降的计算方法。结合工程实例,对沉降计算公式中有关参数取值进行探讨,并对扩容垃圾荷载作用下原垃圾堆体的沉降发展趋势进行分析,为扩容工程设计采取相应的沉降控制措施提供了依据。     

高层建筑的顺风向风振响应分析及舒适度研究

根据性能设计的要求,高层建筑的抗风设计需要考虑人员舒适性要求。本文提出了用于结构顺风向风振响应分析的广义脉冲响应函数法,用来计算随机激励和结构响应之间的传递函数,这样就可以计算高层建筑结构在风荷载作用下的动力响应特性,并用动力可靠度计算结构在脉动风荷载作用下的舒适度失效概率。     

大空间建筑火灾中火焰辐射对无保护钢构件升温的影响

大空间建筑的空间尺度变化范围较大,当空间尺度变化时火焰对壁面或构件的热辐射变化也较大,正确预测火焰辐射对构件升温的影响,是准确计算火灾场景中构件升温的一个重要环节。在计算假定条件下,通过分析外界与构件之间的热量交换以及影响火焰辐射的因素,导出考虑火焰辐射影响的构件净吸热量计算公式,将构件净吸热量计算公式导入基于集总热容法的热平衡方程中,得到构件升温的数值解,从而定量确定火焰辐射对钢构件升温影响的,临界角系数,为简化钢构件升温计算奠定基础,使钢构件升温计算既准确反映火灾中构件的升温历程,又方便实用。     

绿色建筑供应链主导企业结构模型与运行实践分析

建筑可持续发展涉及多主体全过程,实施有效途径是构建绿色建筑供应链,基于绿色供应链理念构建绿色建筑供应链结构模型,分析绿色建筑供应链特点,界定绿色建筑供应链协调运行的主体职责,架构绿色建筑供应链主导企业及其基于主导企业驱动的绿色建筑供应链结构模型,剖析绿色建筑供应链运行实践问题,提出基于主导企业驱动的绿色建筑供应链协调运行的内在要求。     

郑州地区双线盾构隧道开挖对桩基础内力与位移的影响

为研究粉细砂层地区盾构隧道下穿建筑物对桩基础内力与位移的影响,以郑州粉细砂层地区盾构施工为例,采用有限元软件 MIDAS-GTS NX 建立地铁盾构隧道下穿建筑物的三维实体模型,分析盾构隧道下穿建筑物的不同阶段对桩体位移、内力的影响。结果表明:在郑州粉细砂层地区进行盾构施工时,盾构工程对桩基础底部位移的影响较大,位移最大值大多发生在桩底;盾构施工对桩身轴力的影响表现为桩身轴力最大值位于距隧道1倍洞径范围内。在进行双线盾构隧道施工时,应在临近、远离2个阶段注意工程的安全与防护问题,并采取相应的预防和保护措施。     

一种测定建筑物外墙表面黏附粉尘的方法

提出了一种测定建筑物外墙表面黏附粉尘的方法.该方法具体步骤包括1)选择建筑物外墙面污染有代表性的部位,确定建筑外墙的粉尘采样面积,通常取0 1～0 5 m2; 2)用玻璃烧杯量取适量蒸馏水,作为从外墙面采得粉尘的载体,通常一次测定使用的蒸馏水为0 1～0 5 L; 3)用干净小刷子或布片将圈定面积的外墙表面打湿,将粉尘搽洗到蒸馏水中; 4)将含有悬浮粉尘的蒸馏水用超声波振动分散,适宜时间和温度分别为2～5 min和20～35 ℃;5)测定单位面积墙面黏附粉尘质量,通过激光粒度分析仪测定溶液的粉尘浓度和分散度(如果粉尘浓度较大,可制作粉尘涂片,在显微分析系统上测定粉尘的粒径分散度).含尘溶液产生泡沫时会影响测定效果,因此测定粉尘浓度前需先加消泡剂消泡.该测定与评价方法对评价建筑物表面粉尘的污染程度和清洁剂效果等具有重要意义.     

Greening government procurement in developing countries: building capacity in China

With increasing environmental issues and depleting resources, the effective application of green government procurement (GGP) is urgently needed and potentially can have greater impacts in the developing world rather than in the developed world. Such an approach can help promote the general goal of sustainable development and address environmental issues through purchasing and facilitating the use of environmentally friendly services and products. This paper addresses this issue by employing a case study on China. We first trace the development of the GGP concept, its spread to Asian countries, and a number of approaches used to expand GGP adoption. We then review current practices in China on GGP, and analyze and identify some of the current barriers and problems in promoting green procurement in the Chinese governmental sector. We finally seek to identify possible appropriate capacity-building solutions, in order to facilitate the application of GGP in China.     

Unauthorised development and seismic hazard vulnerability: a study of squatters and engineers in Istanbul, Turkey

Many cities in developing nations have experienced an influx of poor migrants in search of work. This population influx has often been accommodated through land squatting, irregular construction and unauthorised housing. For the urban poor, this has resulted in immediate affordable housing; however, this housing frequently has long-term vulnerability to natural hazards. This article examines the ways in which squatters in Istanbul, Turkey, understand the seismic vulnerability of their unauthorised housing. Distrust of professional engineers and contractors has led Istanbul squatters to believe that self-built housing will not only be less costly but also safer than commercially built housing. The impact of residents' risk perceptions on their vulnerability to natural hazards is examined through a comparison of social attitudes regarding safe housing and the quality of unauthorised construction. This comparison highlights how squatters' risk perceptions necessitate innovative means of reducing vulnerability in unauthorised neighbourhoods of developing cities.     

Building community resilience in a context of climate change: The role of social capital

Social capital is considered important for resilience across social levels, including communities, yet insights are scattered across disciplines. This meta-synthesis of 187 studies examines conceptual and empirical understandings of how social capital relates to resilience, identifying implications for community resilience and climate change practice. Different conceptualisations are highlighted, yet also limited focus on underlying dimensions of social capital and proactive types of resilience for engaging with the complex climate change challenge. Empirical insights show that structural and socio-cultural aspects of social capital, multiple other factors and formal actors are all important for shaping the role of social capital for guiding resilience outcomes. Thus, finding ways to work with these different elements is important. Greater attention on how and why outcomes emerge, interactions between factors, approaches of formal actors and different socio-cultural dimensions will advance understandings about how to nurture social capital for resilience in the context of climate change.     

滇池富营养化水体新型除藻材料的试验研究

通过实验室小试 (2 0L)和滇池水体围栏扩大试验 (30 0m2 ) ,研究新型轻质除藻材料对滇池湖水中藻类的除藻及净化作用。小试结果表明 ,该除藻材料放入滇池水样实验 2 6d后 ,水质明显好转 ,藻类去除率可达 98% ,COD、TN及TP的去除率达到 38%～ 62 %。滇池湖边 30 0m2 水面围栏扩大试验结果显示 ,除藻材料放入试验区水体 1 0d后 ,水体中藻类含量明显减少 ,水体透光率从 55 %增加到 80 % ,水质状况也有很大改善。研究表明 ,该除藻材料是一种具有研究和应用价值的新型水体除藻材料。