塔里木西南缘下地壳低速层的成因:斜长角闪岩的纵波速度和衰减的限制

在1 0GPa,室温～1200℃条件下,测量了新疆库地地区斜长角闪岩的纵波速度(Vp)和品质因子(Q值),得出在1 0GPa恒压下,Vp和Q值随温度和深度的变化关系。结果显示,Vp和Q值随温度的升高而下降,观察实验样品并结合Vp和Q值与熔体含量的关系,发现部分熔融是影响Vp和Q值变化的主要因素。依据实验结果,并结合区域上压力梯度和温度梯度资料计算了Vp和Q值随深度的变化。结果表明Vp和Q值先随深度的增加而缓慢增大,在32km左右开始突然减小,表明开始出现低速层。结合温度和熔体含量的关系得出,低速层的出现可能是部分熔融的结果。塔里木及周边地区的地震测深以及地震反演的结果也显示,在相同的温度和压力条件下,地壳内部32～44km的范围内存在低速层,同时高温高压的实验结果与阿拉木图地区的Vp值相当一致,可以推测塔里木西南缘下地壳的岩石成分中含有斜长角闪岩。     

压力对镜质组反射率与烃类生成的影响

镜质组反射率是广泛使用的成熟度参数 ,长期以来人们普遍认为温度和时间是控制镜质组反射率的主要因素 ,而压力对反射率的影响人们知之甚少。本文综述了模拟实验和地质实例中压力对镜质组反射率和烃类生成影响的不同观点。介绍了过压造成镜质组反射率延尺的两个动力学模型     

Investigation on activated semi-coke desulfurization

An activated semi-coke with industrial-scale size was prepared by high-pressure hydrothermal chemistry activation, HNO3 oxidation and calcination activation in proper order from Inner Mongolia Zhalainuoer semi-coke, which is rich in resource and cheap in sale.SO2 adsorption capacity on this activated semi-coke was assessed in the fixed bed in the temperature range of 60-170℃, space velocity range of 500-1300 h^-1, SO2 concentration of 1000-3000 ppmv, and N2 as balance. The surface area, elemental and proximate analysis for both raw semi-coke and activated semi-cokes were measured. The experimental results showed that the activated semi-coke has a high adsorption capacity for sulfur dioxide than the untreated semi-coke. This may be the result of increase of surface area on activated semi-coke and surface oxygen functional groups with basicity characteristics. Comparison to result of FTIR, it is known that group of-C-O-C-may be active center of SO2 catalytic adsorption on activated semi-coke.     

蓄能器爆炸事故原因推断及防控措施

囊式蓄能器是液压系统中常用的压力容器。在更换胶囊和(或)充装氮气时如操作不当,有发生爆炸的风险。通过对一起蓄能器爆炸事故的调查,经计算、推论,得出此次爆炸是一起物理爆炸。并就事故发生原因及其爆炸强度、危害程度进行了分析。提出生产商和使用单位应制定科学的、可行的标准操作程序(Standard Operation Program,SOP),并要求工人在实际操做中严格执行,加强过程控制,避免事故的发生。     

米菲司酮废水处理的试验探索

对米菲司酮生产中产生的高浓度有机废水（ＣＯＤｃｒ８．８×１０＾４ｍｇ／Ｌ），采用常压蒸馏－活性炭吸附方法进行试验性处理，ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率可达９５％以上，ＣＮ－去除率达９９．９％，并可回收乙醇等低沸点有机溶剂。     

高压喷雾及其在煤矿井下粉尘防治中的应用

系统分析了高压喷雾的喷雾参数，雾粒粒度分布，雾粒在雾流中运动的平均速度，雾粒带电及喷咀结构，并将此技术用于煤矿井下采煤机和炮掘工作面，取得了很好的降尘效果。     

水力空化的最佳条件研究

采用了不同几何尺寸的孔板作为水力空化发生器,研究了流量、进口压力、孔内流速、孔板的孔径与厚度之比及孔板过流总面积与管道横截面积的比值对空化数的影响,得出进口压力控制在20mH2O,孔内流速控制在14.5m/s,δ/d为1.8s,为0.06,空化效果较好.     

环境压力指标及应用

 基于国家尺度的社会代谢物质流、地理面积、净生态面积和标准生态面积,构建出测度本国环境所承受的环境压力总量指标体系——环境载荷和环境压强;对中国、德国、荷兰、奥地利、日本和美国等6个国家的环境载荷和环境压强进行了若干年的实证计算和对比分析.结果表明,虽然美国的人均环境载荷、人均物质总需求及人均生态足迹赤字等均是各国最高者,其环境压强却处于低位,与奥地利相近;中国的人均指标虽然低,其以标准生态面积计算的环境压强却是6国中最高者;以环境压强指标测度,5个发达工业国的经济发展与本国环境压力之间在研究期显示出不同程度的“脱钩”关系,即本国环境压强并没有随经济总量的增长而增加;中国的环境压力却呈现明显的上升态势.同时就环境问题的公平性和环境压力指标的优缺点进行了简要讨论.     

Risk Assessment of Riparian Plant Invasions into Protected Areas

Abstract:  Protected areas are becoming increasingly isolated. River corridors represent crucial links to the surrounding landscape but are also major conduits for invasion of alien species. We developed a framework to assess the risk that alien plants in watersheds adjacent to a protected area will invade the protected area along rivers. The framework combines species- and landscape-level approaches and has five key components: (1) definition of the geographical area of interest, (2) delineation of the domain into ecologically meaningful zones, (3) identification of the appropriate landscape units, (4) categorization of alien species and mapping of their distribution and abundance, and (5) definition of management options. The framework guides the determination of species distribution and abundance through successive, easily followed steps, providing the means for the assessment of areas of concern. We applied the framework to Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa. We recorded 231 invasive alien plant species (of which 79 were major invaders) in the domain. The KNP is facing increasing pressure from alien species in the upper regions of the drainage areas of neighboring watersheds. On the basis of the climatic modeling, we showed that most major riparian invaders have the ability to spread across the KNP should they be transported down the rivers. With this information, KNP managers can identify areas for proactive intervention, monitoring, and resource allocation. Even for a very large protected area such as the KNP, sustainable management of biodiversity will depend heavily on the response of land managers upstream managing alien plants. We suggest that this framework is applicable to plants and other passively dispersed species that invade protected areas situated at the end of a drainage basin.     

CO2加氢低压合成甲醇CuO—ZnO催化剂性能的研究

本文详细论述了CuO-ZnO的特性与沉淀过程中pH值变化、沉淀剂种类、沉淀剂的加料方式和催化剂的热处理条件,以及活化气氛等因素之间的相互关系,实验中运用了XRD,BET,XPS等测试手段,对催化剂的结构及其表面性质进行了深入探讨,得到了催化剂的最佳含量组成和催化剂活性组份可能的存在状态。