气压阀门控制器设计

详细介绍了气压阀门控制器的设计过程及仿真结果。该控制器采用倍压芯片进行±15 V供电设计,采用运放+数字电位器进行反馈和给定的调理电路设计,采用运放+电阻电容进行控制电路及驱动电路的设计。该控制器采用前馈控制器B(s)+偏差控制器A(s)对压力进行控制。文中给出了控制器的设计过程和仿真实验波形。从仿真波形的控制结果看,该控制器能够快速响应大偏差,根据偏差大小提前输出负压信号,并能进行稳态精度调节,实现快速准确调节气压的目的。     

An economic evaluation on the purification and storage of waste hydrogen for the use of fuel cell scooters

Safe and reliable metal hydride canisters (MHCs) for the use of hydrogen storage at low pressure can be applied to supply small fuel cell vehicles or scooters with hydrogen fuel. However, greater cost-effectiveness of hydrogen gas is obviously necessary to the successful promotion of hydrogen fuel cell scooters in the market. In this study, we use the net present value (NPV) method to evaluate the feasibility of an investment project on the supply of purified hydrogen in a pulp company at Hualien, Taiwan. The purified hydrogen can be separated from waste hydrogen by using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology and then be stored in MHCs. Under some assumptions of improved parameters about hydrogen production cost and hydrogen gas price, the discounted payback period of hydrogen purification and storage project in our study can be less than 10 years and the unit cost of hydrogen gas can be close to the price of gasoline. Moreover, the unit cost of hydrogen gas in our study can be lower than the cost from other sources of hydrogen.     

On-Site Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis to Streamline Vapor Intrusion Investigations

Distinguishing between vapor intrusion and indoor sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a significant challenge in conventional vapor intrusion assessments. For this research project, the authors developed a step-by-step protocol to streamline building-specific investigations by using on-site gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and building pressure manipulation to determine the source of VOCs in indoor air during a 1-day field investigation. Protocol validation included implementation in industrial buildings and testing alongside conventional methods. The new protocol compares favorably to conventional approaches, yielding more definitive results in less time. This article presents three case studies which illustrate application of the protocol.     

航空发动机复材外涵机匣静热强度试验方法研究

目的 提出一种飞机发动机外涵机匣静热强度考核试验方法,实现对高温环境下机械载荷与气流压力载荷同时作用时外涵机匣的强度考核.方法 以典型外涵机匣模拟件为试验件,利用所设计的试验装置与外涵机匣模拟件合围成一套能够施加温度载荷、机械载荷以及内腔气压载荷的被试结构,在通过温度加载系统、静力加载系统和气压加载系统同时对被试结构模...     

Catalytic reductive dechlorination of p–chlorophenol in water using Ni/Fe nanoscale particles

Nanoscale bimetallic Ni/Fe particles were synthesized from the reaction of sodium borohydride （NaBH4） with reduction of Ni^2＋ and Fe^2＋ in aqueous solution. The obtained Ni/Fe particles were characterized by TEM （transmission electron microscope）, XRD （X-ray diffractometer）, and N2-BET. The dechlorination activity of the Ni/Fe was investigated using p-chlorophenol （p-CP） as a probe agent. Results demonstrated that the nanoscale Ni/Fe could effectively dechlorinate p-CP at relatively low metal to solution ratio of 0.4 g/L （Ni 5 wt%）. The target with initial concentration ofp-CP 0.625 mmol/L was dechlorinted completely in 60 rain under ambient temperature and pressure. Factors affecting dechlorination efficiency, including reaction temperature, pH, Ni loading percentage over Fe, and metal to solution ratio, were investigated. The possible mechanism of dechlorination ofp-CP was proposed and discussed. The pseudo-first- order reaction took place on the surface of the Ni/Fe bimetallic particles, and the activation energy of the dechlorination reaction was determined to be 21.2 kJ/mol at the temperature rang of 287-313 K.     

中国区域发展与生态压力时空差异分析

区域经济社会的快速发展加大了对自然生态系统的压力,研究区域发展与生态压力之间的时空差异特征有助于理解和解决当前日趋严峻的人地矛盾问题.本文以生态足迹作为生态压力的表征指标,在测算各省区典型年份生态压力的基础上,分析1980年以来不同发展水平区域生态压力的动态变化、空间溢出及空间均衡特征.研究结果表明:①各区域人均生态压力园发展水平不同而存在明显梯度,高水平区域的生态压力较大,低水平区域生态压力增长幅度较大;②生态压力空间溢出效应因发展水平不同而存在较大差距,随发展水平的提高而增大,低水平区域的生态空间处于"被掠夺"的境地;③区域发展与生态压力之间的空间关联特征明显,总体上处于"高度均衡"与"相对均衡"状态,但生态基尼系数有明显上升趋势,由区域发展差异引致的生态占用不公平倾向令人担忧.文章提示,高水平区域应该从资金、技术、人才等方面对中低水平区域<或资源输出区)进行合理的补偿,以降低各区域在生态空间占用方面存在的不均等性.     

负压隔离病房排风系统杀毒灭菌探讨

为了解决医护人员和传染病人交叉感染的问题;通过设计负压隔离病房空间布局及负压系统组成及参数,规划被呼吸道传染病人污染后空气的气流路线、处理设施及杀毒灭菌处理方法.该设计有效降低医护人员在呼吸道传染病人流动、治疗过程中的感染风险,为医护人员在流动和治疗过程中提供了很好的保护,降低了感染率.     

随钻压力波在用于早期气侵检测时的扰动传播特性研究

为了研究随钻测量装置(Measurement While Drilling, MWD)压力波信号在用于早期气侵检测时的扰动传播特性,基于油气井多相流流动理论,建立随钻压力波在环空气液两相流中的扰动传播模型,对多参数影响下的压力波传播与衰减特性进行模拟,并对压力波检测技术的现场应用效果进行分析。结果表明:含气率、角频率、系统压力、虚拟质量力、拖曳力和壁面剪切力的变化都会对压力波在环空气液两相流中的传播与衰减特性造成不同程度的影响;相比于常规的全烃量检测技术,压力波检测技术可以更早地检测到气侵的发生,可进一步提高油气井建井的安全性。     

浓度对橡胶粉尘爆炸特性的影响

为了解橡胶粉尘的爆炸危险性,采用20 L球爆炸测试装置对常温常压下、粒径75μm以下的橡胶粉尘在质量浓度50~700 g/m3范围内的爆炸特性进行试验研究,测定其最大爆炸压力及爆炸指数随质量浓度的变化规律,进而对其爆炸危险性程度进行分级。结果表明:橡胶粉尘质量浓度为300 g/m3时,爆炸压力达到最大值0.49MPa;在橡胶粉尘质量浓度为250 g/m3时,爆炸指数达到最大值5.04MPa·m/s,根据ISO 6184粉尘爆炸烈度等级分级标准,其粉尘爆炸危险性分级为St-1级。     

常压及低压下锂电池热失控随数量变化特性

为明确在地面常压环境和商用飞机巡航高度低气压环境下锂电池热失控火灾危险特性随电池数量的变化关系,分别于95 kPa地面常压环境和20 kPa低压环境下,开展不同电池数量梯度的热失控试验,测量热释放速率,总热释放量,烟气温度,CO、CO2和碳氢等气体的实时体积分数.结果表明:最高热释放速率和总热释放量与电池数量均呈幂函数...