Effect of initial pressure on the lower explosion limit of nicotinic acid/acetone mixture

In the work presented in this paper, the effect of initial pressure on the lower explosion limit (LEL) of the hybrid nicotinic acid/acetone mixture was investigated through standard explosion tests carried out in the 20 L sphere. From experimental results, the flammability diagram was built in the plane (concentration/minimum explosive concentration) of nicotinic acid versus (concentration/LEL) of acetone. Interestingly, it has been found that, in going from low pressures (P < 1 atm) to high pressures (P > 1 atm), the extension of the flammability region increases. This behavior has been attributed to the fact that the turbulence kinetic energy (and thus the energy dissipation) decreases with increasing initial pressure. Bartknecht's correlation for LEL of hybrid mixtures was modified to take into account the effect of pressure, and two correlations were obtained able to give satisfactory predictions of experimental data at both low pressures and high pressures.     

常温常压下催化湿式过氧化氢氧化工艺的研究

采用浸渍焙烧法制备了几种负载型催化剂,以偶氮染料模拟废水为处理对象,考察了这几种催化剂在常温常压下催化湿式过氧化氢氧化工艺中的催化活性。研究结果表明,Fe／γ～Al2O3的催化活性和稳定性最好。处理质量浓度为500mg／L的甲基橙模拟废水,当Fe／γ-Al2O3和H2O2加入量分别为30g/L和330mg／L时,处理3h后,废水的脱色率为79．67％,COD去除率为80．92％,总有机碳去除率达72．88％。在上述相同工艺条件下,分别处理质量浓度为500mg／L的甲基橙、酸性橙和活性黑模拟废水,其中,甲基橙较易被降解,酸性橙次之,活性黑最难被降解。     

Henry's law constants of chlorinated solvents at elevated temperatures

Henry’s law constants for 12 chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) were measured as a function of temperature ranging from 8 to 93 °C, using the modified equilibrium partitioning in closed system (EPICS) method. The chlorinated compounds include tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, and chloromethane. The variation in Henry’s constants for these compounds as a function of temperature ranged from around 3-fold (chloroethane) to 30-fold (1,2-dichloroethane). Aqueous solubilities of the pure compounds were measured over the temperature range of 8-75 °C. The temperature dependence of Henry’s constant was predicted using the ratio of pure vapor pressure to aqueous solubility, both of which are functions of temperature. The calculated Henry’s constants are in a reasonable agreement with the measured results. With the improved data on Henry’s law constants at high temperatures measured in this study, it will be possible to more accurately model subsurface remediation processes that operate near the boiling point of water.     

循环流化床烟气脱硫系统内压降的建模

循环流化床烟气脱硫系统中的压降是保证反应器安全运行的重要参数,了解反应器内的气固流动状况以及压降分布并对其加以调节是系统稳定运行的关键.通过分析循环流化床内气固两相的流动状态,基于一维轴向流动模型,研究循环流化床烟气脱硫系统内的压降轴向分布特性.模型预测结果表明,压降受烟气流速和循环流量影响下的变化趋势与实验结论一致,证明了模型的有效性.可以用于循环流化床内脱硫传质研究,以及为反应器的设计与运行提供指导.     

滤筒除尘器脉冲清灰动态分析

对常用规格φ325 mm×660 mm滤筒采用普通喷吹孔和诱导喷嘴进行脉冲清灰实验研究,测试滤筒侧壁压力峰值和压力上升速度,并使用高速动态分析仪拍摄清灰时粉尘从滤筒壁面脱落的动态过程。实验证明了滤筒脉冲清灰时,粉尘的脱落是从滤筒上部到下部依次进行,滤筒侧壁第一个压力峰值、最大压力峰值和压力上升速度对清灰效果均有影响,且脉冲气流形成的第一个侧壁压力峰值对滤筒的第一次冲击对清灰来说起着决定性的作用,回流气流形成的侧壁压力峰值作用较弱。而压力上升速度不能完全作为评价清灰效果好坏的指标。实验证明,采用诱导喷嘴可以改善滤筒内部流场,提高清灰效率。     

并流旋转床气相压降数值模拟与实验研究

旋转床气相压降是设计旋转床的重要技术指标之一。通过分析并流旋转床结构与工作原理,建立气相压降的理论模型。采用Eulerian多相流模型和k-ε模型对并流旋转床气相压降进行数值模拟,探索液体分布器结构对气相压降的影响。实验表明所建立的压降模型较好地解释了实验现象,孔型分布器有利于减小气相压降。     

基于核心资本变迁的产业可持续竞争力研究

当前,生态环境已经成为经济发展的主要约束条件,与生态环境相协调的可持续发展也是当前产业发展的主要趋势。本文通过对经济增长核心要素及约束条件变迁的考察,明确了可持续发展是经济与产业发展的必然趋势,同时拓宽了产业竞争力的视域,提出了产业可持续竞争力的概念。在此基础上,本文运用复杂系统动力学理论,探讨了产业核心资本变迁与产业可持续竞争力以及生态环境之间的关系。文章得出结论,在资源环境成为经济发展根本约束条件的前提下,环境质量的改善可以内化于产业可持续竞争力的提升过程中,途径就是增强产业对核心资本的使用程度。基于理论推导和实际数据的支持,本文最后从贯彻可持续发展和生态文明的理念、运用循环经济相关理论优化生产经营行为、推进面向资源环境的生态创新、加强人力资源投资、提高产业核心资本构成等方面,提出了相应的政策建议。     

Spatiotemporal variation of radon and carbon dioxide concentrations in an underground quarry: coupled processes of natural ventilation, barometric pumping and internal mixing

Radon-222 and carbon dioxide concentrations have been measured during several years at several points in the atmosphere of an underground limestone quarry located at a depth of 18 m in Vincennes, near Paris, France. Both concentrations showed a seasonal cycle. Radon concentration varied from 1200 to 2000 Bq m⁻³ in summer to about 800-1400 Bq m⁻³ in winter, indicating winter ventilation rates varying from 0.6 to 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. Carbon dioxide concentration varied from 0.9 to 1.0% in summer, to about 0.1-0.3% in winter. Radon concentration can be corrected for natural ventilation using temperature measurements. The obtained model also accounts for the measured seasonal variation of carbon dioxide. After correction, radon concentrations still exhibit significant temporal variation, mostly associated with the variation of atmospheric pressure, with coupling coefficients varying from −7 to −26 Bq m⁻³ hPa⁻¹. This variation can be accounted for using a barometric pumping model, coupled with natural ventilation in winter, and including internal mixing as well. After correction, radon concentrations exhibit residual temporal variation, poorly correlated between different points, with standard deviations varying from 3 to 6%. This study shows that temporal variation of radon concentrations in underground cavities can be understood to a satisfactory level of detail using non-linear and time-dependent modelling. It is important to understand the temporal variation of radon concentrations and the limitations in their modelling to monitor the properties of natural or artificial underground settings, and to be able to assess the existence of new processes, for example associated with the preparatory phases of volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.     

温度循环中的湿度控制

通过对温度循环中凝露原理的分析,解释了采用充入干燥氮气(空气)进行湿度控制的原理,并从理论上分析和确定了进行该方法采用干燥氮气或空气的压力及流量,从而对参数进行了规范,确保试验的一致性。此外,本文还对温度循环中为何观测不到凝露现象进行了解释。     

3×300t转炉二次除尘系统扩容改造

针对宝钢一炼钢3×300t转炉二次烟气严重污染室内外环境的实际情况,在兼顾节能与减排的协同原则下,确定了对原转炉二次除尘系统的扩容改造方案。竣工投运后,取得了良好的环保、节能效果。