天津市机动车污染评估方法

依据城市机动车空气污染评价方法确立了天津市空气污染物机动车污染的评价体系。该评价体系具有准确性、先进性和实用性，采用科学的方法估算天津市城区机动车排气污染物的排放浓度及总量对环境空气污染的分担率。科学地给出了天津市现阶段机动车污染的现状及发展趋势，为环境保护决策提供了科学依据。     

米曲霉产氨基酰化酶条件及部分酶学性质研究

通过单因子和多因子摇瓶正交优化试验,确定了米曲霉液态发酵产氨基酰化酶的最佳发酵条件.优化发酵培养基组成(ρ/gL-1):葡萄糖40,蔗糖10,可溶性淀粉20,蛋白胨2.5,马铃薯液1000mL,pH自然.培养基装量50mL/250mL三角瓶,接种量4%.培养温度30℃,转速100r/min,发酵时间42h.每50mL培养物的总酶活由优化前的2627u提高到7338u,是优化前的2.79倍.研究了米曲霉氨基酰化酶的部分酶学性质.该酶催化反应的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40℃,低浓度的Co2 (5×10-4mol/L)对酶活激活作用显著.图5表2参8     

Incorporating the Effects of Socioeconomic Uncertainty into Priority Setting for Conservation Investment

Abstract:  Uncertainty in the implementation and outcomes of conservation actions that is not accounted for leaves conservation plans vulnerable to potential changes in future conditions. We used a decision-theoretic approach to investigate the effects of two types of investment uncertainty on the optimal allocation of global conservation resources for land acquisition in the Mediterranean Basin. We considered uncertainty about (1) whether investment will continue and (2) whether the acquired biodiversity assets are secure, which we termed transaction uncertainty and performance uncertainty, respectively. We also developed and tested the robustness of different rules of thumb for guiding the allocation of conservation resources when these sources of uncertainty exist. In the presence of uncertainty in future investment ability (transaction uncertainty), the optimal strategy was opportunistic, meaning the investment priority should be to act where uncertainty is highest while investment remains possible. When there was a probability that investments would fail (performance uncertainty), the optimal solution became a complex trade-off between the immediate biodiversity benefits of acting in a region and the perceived longevity of the investment. In general, regions were prioritized for investment when they had the greatest performance certainty, even if an alternative region was highly threatened or had higher biodiversity value. The improved performance of rules of thumb when accounting for uncertainty highlights the importance of explicitly incorporating sources of investment uncertainty and evaluating potential conservation investments in the context of their likely long-term success.     

Metropolitan Open-Space Protection with Uncertain Site Availability

Abstract:  Urban planners acquire open space to protect natural areas and provide public access to recreation opportunities. Because of limited budgets and dynamic land markets, acquisitions take place sequentially depending on available funds and sites. To address these planning features, we formulated a two-period site selection model with two objectives: maximize the expected number of species represented in protected sites and maximize the expected number of people with access to protected sites. These objectives were both maximized subject to an upper bound on area protected over two periods. The trade-off between species representation and public access was generated by the weighting method of multiobjective programming. Uncertainty was represented with a set of probabilistic scenarios of site availability in a linear-integer formulation. We used data for 27 rare species in 31 candidate sites in western Lake County, near the city of Chicago, to illustrate the model. Each trade-off curve had a concave shape in which species representation dropped at an increasing rate as public accessibility increased, with the trade-off being smaller at higher levels of the area budget. Several sites were included in optimal solutions regardless of objective function weights, and these core sites had high species richness and public access per unit area. The area protected in period one depended on current site availability and on the probabilities of sites being undeveloped and available in the second period. Although the numerical results are specific for our study, the methodology is general and applicable elsewhere.     

城市污水回用于农业的技术经济分析——以以色列农业灌溉为例

城市污水回用于农业是污水资源化的有效途径。论述了污水灌溉对农业和环境的影响 ,并以以色列为例对污水回用于农业进行了经济效益分析 ,同时介绍了决定用水组成、回用水质以及农作物的组成等的优化模型     

基于负压法炮弹气密性检测方法研究

目的 实现炮弹气密性检测及其自动化、智能化设备的开发.方法 提出了一种基于负压法的炮弹气密性检测方法.首先,阐述了负压法气密性检测工作原理和实施流程,并对炮弹检测设备的用例模型和检测设备功能框架进行了讨论.其次,针对工程实际,详细给出了测量腔安装密封性计算、测量腔泄漏的压差泄漏率计算、测量腔的初始测量压力值计算、炮弹气体泄漏量计算等检测算法和判定方法.结果 基于负压法的炮弹气密性检测方法的灵敏度比正压法高.结论 本方法可为实现对全弹的气密性检验提供参考,同时也可促进和指导炮弹气密性检验设备的研制,将有效保障炮弹气密性检验自动化设备开发效率和有效性.     

旋转式滗水器设计的动力学计算

在对旋转式滗水器进行了水力学和运动学计算的基础上，对旋转式滗水器进行了动力学计算，给出了其动力学计算公式，与水力学和运动学计算公式一起，共同给出了旋转式滗水器完整的设计计算公式。     

我国中小城市大气污染总量控制研究

本文提出了一套适合于我国中小城市大气污染总量控制研究的技术路线和模型。通过环境容量规划和污染综合治理规划的有机结合，从而达到以优化的方式协调经济发展与环境保护的矛盾。对镇江市的应用结果表明，本文提出的技术路线和模型是合理可行的。所给出的总量控制方案既能符合经济发展的需要，又能经济有效地控制并改善区域的大气环境质量。     

Effects of uncontrolled particulate matter release on precipitation under warfare conditions

This study has shown theoretical, observed and experimental evidence of pollutants released, transported and deposited during the Kosovo conflict in 1999 and their effects on precipitation in Serbia. The greatest bombardment of the chemical industry, oil refineries and fuel storage in Serbia which occurred during April, resulted in releases of many hazardous, toxic and cancerogenic substances. The number of April's days with precipitation greater or equal to 0.1 mm in 1999 are compared to those in the period from 1961 to 1990 registered at thirty meteorological stations in Serbia and especially at the Belgrade-Observatory station in the period from 1888 to 1995. The maximums of days with precipitation greater or equal to 0.1 mm were at the wider Belgrade area and at the central and southwestern parts of Serbia during April 1999. This is confirmed by using the Eta trajectory analysis.     

多循环CCRs法在分离燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2方面的应用

随着温室效应和全球变暖的加剧,煤燃烧所排出的CO2作为引起温室效应的主要气体而引起人们的密切关注.由于燃煤锅炉所排放的尾气中所含的CO2的体积份额低、排放量大,而且处于微负压状态,因此目前控制和分离吸收CO2的方法,包括各类吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法和O2/CO2燃烧技术等,能够经济可行地适用于电力工业燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2分离的方法非常少.与上述各类方法相比,钙基吸收剂CCRs(calcination/carbonation reactions)法是一种新兴的经济可行的分离燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2的方法.对采用该法时,吸收剂的选择、吸收剂在多次CCRs过程中结构特点的变化、提高吸收剂对CO2的吸收容量以及防止吸收剂反应性的衰减等方面进行了详细的阐述.