湖库水体对石油类物质的自净能力评价初探

为了合理的预测湖库水体对油田特征污染物的自净能力,建立了突发事件溢油在水面上影响及对水质影响的模型,采用实测与预测相结合的方式对模型的参数进行了确定,同时根据建立的模型选择两个泡沼进行了验证。说明预测结果与实测值有较好的相关性,用湖泡推流衰减模型对湖泡的预测是可行的。     

Disaster governance and community resilience: reflections on Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan

Typhoon Morakot triggered flooding and mudslides in various areas and devastated Aboriginal villages located near areas under construction by the Water Diversion Project in Kaohsiung County. This paper examines the controversy surrounding Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan from the perspective of disaster governance. This study provides competing perspectives regarding who was responsible for causing the disaster. Post-disaster reconstruction initiatives by the government tend to adopt a technical approach to risk, and do not incorporate the complex social and cultural dimensions of vulnerability and sustainability. This perspective reflects misrecognition problems, and the lack of empowerment and participation in governance by residents, as well as their exclusion in decision making. Aboriginal civic groups have various methods of interacting with local residents to alleviate the suffering of survivors, promoting tribal culture and building resilient communities. This continuing development of social interactions and new forms of engagement will effectuate transformation and contribute to broader reflections on the Morakot disaster and social capability and building resilience.     

Land take and food security: assessment of land take on the agricultural production in Europe

Soil is a multifunctional, non-renewable natural resource for Europe as clearly expressed in the European Union (EU) Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection (COM (2006)231). Soil carries out multiple functions, including the support of food production. Urban development and its associated land take poses a major threat to soil and could have significant effects on agricultural production. This paper aims to evaluate the potential productivity losses in European agriculture due to land-take processes between 1990 and 2006. Agricultural land take was calculated using CORINE Land Cover maps of 1990, 2000 and 2006. For 21 of the 27 EU member states, agricultural land take was computed to be 752,973 ha for 1990–2000 and 436,095 ha for 2000–2006, representing 70.8% and 53.5%, respectively, of the total EU land take for these periods. The impact of this land take on the production capabilities of the agricultural sector for the period 1990–2006 for 19 of the 21 states was estimated to be equivalent to a loss of more than six million tonnes of wheat. The paper demonstrates that Europe's intense urbanisation has a direct impact on its capability to produce food.     

火灾中摩擦火花和热表面引燃能力的研究

用摄影和热点偶等方法在一个有磨削轮的容器中研究了机械摩擦火花和热表面的引燃能力。在本研究中发现,对于某些材料,如碳钢等,由摩擦产生的磨屑可以被周围空气中的氧氧化而放出大量的热,从而使屑粒温度升高,达到白热程度。通常我们把一簇这样的颗粒中做“摩擦火花”。     

Gauging the societal impacts of natural disasters using a capability approach

There is a widely acknowledged need for a single composite index that provides a comprehensive picture of the societal impact of disasters. A composite index combines and logically organizes important information policy‐makers need to allocate resources for the recovery from natural disasters; it can also inform hazard mitigation strategies. This paper develops a Disaster Impact Index (DII) to gauge the societal impact of disasters on the basis of the changes in individuals’ capabilities. The DII can be interpreted as the disaster impact per capita. Capabilities are dimensions of individual well‐being and refer to the genuine opportunities individuals have to achieve valuable states and activities (such as being adequately nourished or being mobile). After discussing the steps required to construct the DII, this article computes and compares the DIIs for two earthquakes of similar magnitude in two societies at different levels of development and of two disasters (earthquake and wind storm) in the same society.     

政府跨区域突发事件应急管理能力评估研究

给出了跨区域突发事件的基本内涵。通过界定跨区域突发事件应急管理能力内涵,运用多因素评估理论,建立了一套用于评估跨区域应急管理能力的指标体系,并采用定性与定量相结合的改进的层次分析法计算各指标权重,提出了多级模糊综合评价法对跨区域应急管理能力进行综合评估。通过实例操作,表明该评估法可行性较好,效果较佳,能够为各级政府跨区域应急管理活动提供决策依据。     

基于FAHP法的城市社区应急准备能力评估

通过分析城市社区应急能力的影响因素,论述了城市社区应急准备能力评估指标集的建立方法和基于模糊层次综合评价法的评估模型构建方案,建立了城市社区应急准备能力评估模型,并结合实例进行了分析,为城市社区应急准备能力的定量综合评价提供了新思路。     

Antecedents and consequences of empowering leadership: Leader power distance,leader perception of team capability,and team innovation

The evidence that empowering leadership is an effective form of team leadership brings the question on what the antecedents of empowering leadership are into focus. We propose that empowering leadership is driven by considerations of the normative and situational appropriateness of empowering leadership that are associated with leader power distance value and leader perception of team capability. We propose that leader power distance and perceived team capability interact such that the influence of leader power distance on empowering leadership is stronger with higher perceived team capability. We extend our model to show that by affecting empowering leadership, the interaction of leader power distance and perceived team capability indirectly influences team innovation, an important team outcome associated with empowered teamwork. We tested our model in two multisource surveys in China: Study 1 of 84 technical teams and Study 2 of 83 financial service teams. We discuss how our study contributes to empowering leadership theory by providing a theoretical perspective that lends itself well to identifying other trait and situational antecedents of empowering leadership.     

泛比电阻电除尘器除尘性能试验

泛比电阻电除尘器是一种具有辅助电极和交错平板阳极的新型电除尘器,实验室冷态模拟试验结果表明,泛比电阻电除尘器的除尘性能明显优于原式电除尘器和常规电除尘器,其驱进速度改善系数为1.30～1.33,节能达14%～32%,而且对粉尘浓度的变化有良好的适应性。     

高校突发事件应急救援志愿者救援模式研究

为有效应对高校突发事件,迅速开展应急救援,通过理论分析、数学建模及现场实验法研究应急救援志愿者救援能力,构建以学生为第1响应人的高校突发事件应急救援模式.结果表明:基于理论与实验方法建立的应急救援队伍能够实现有效应急救援,具有现实可行性,可为高校应急救援志愿者队伍建设提供理论依据.