Torque Production Using Handwheels of Different Size During a Simulated Valve Operation Task

Opening and closing valves in industrial facilities often requires operators to use bars and wrenches as levers (cheaters) in order to overcome initial actuation forces. In order to determine more appropriate operational specifications, the maximum torque production capability was measured when 12 male participants used 4 different valve handwheels at 3 different heights and 2 different angles (in relationship to the coronal plane). The results indicate that the participants produced significantly greater torque when the largest of the 4 wheels (40.6 cm diameter) was used than when the medium (22.9 cm), small (20.3 cm), and handled (17.8 cm) handwheels were used. Although the main effect of heights was found to be statistically significant, post-hoc analyses between the heights found them to be, essentially, equal. In addition, the vertical and horizontal wheel orientations were not found to be different. The results are applicable to all industries where handwheels are used and applicable to valve manufacturers for designing operational torque specifications below the values found in this study.     

基于多级模糊综合评价法的煤矿企业应急能力评价研究

煤矿企业应急能力的建设是煤矿企业安全管理的关键内容,为了提高煤矿企业应急能力水平,选取并设计了煤矿企业应急能力的评价指标体系,基于多级模糊综合评价法提出了煤矿企业应急能力的评价方法。采用层次分析法确定煤炭企业应急能力评价指标的权重,利用模糊数学方法对煤矿企业应急能力进行多级模糊综合评价。应用构建的煤矿企业应急能力评价指标体系对淮南市某煤矿企业进行综合评价,确定该企业的应急能力等级。研究结果对提升煤矿企业应急能力具有一定的参考价值。     

Lifting strength in two-person teamwork

This study examined the effects of lifting range, hand-to-toe distance, and lifting direction on single-person lifting strengths and two-person teamwork lifting strengths. Six healthy males and seven healthy females participated in this study. Two-person teamwork lifting strengths were examined in both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. Our results showed that lifting strength significantly decreased with increasing lifting range or hand-to-toe distance. However, lifting strengths were not affected by lifting direction. Teamwork lifting strength did not conform to the law of additivity for both strength-matched and strength-unmatched groups. In general, teamwork lifting strength was dictated by the weaker of the two members, implying that weaker members might be exposed to a higher potential danger in teamwork exertions. To avoid such overexertion in teamwork, members with significantly different strength ability should not be assigned to the same team.     

中国水环境压力与水污染防治能力的区域差异

根据2005年中国31个省、市的水污染物处理情况、水资源和人均地区生产总值的统计数据,分析区域间的差异。结果表明:目前中国区域水环境压力和水污染防治能力与经济水平都呈现显著空间线性正相关,而水环境压力与水污染防治能力的空间线性相关性不显著,根据不同区域水环境压力和水污染防治能力的关系,按照加强水污染防治能力的紧迫程度,从大到小分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四级区域,分别对不同区域进行了现状分析和对策建议。     

灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力评价指标体系研究*

为科学评价灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力,基于相关行业领域应急救援队伍能力评价研究及制度标准分析,提取专业应急救援队伍能力构成要素,建立应急救援队伍能力评价指标体系及相应的评价方法。结果表明:指标体系可合理表征专业应急救援队伍能力,可为相关政府及企业开展灾害事故专业应急救援队伍能力评价提供参考。     

生态执政能力建设初探

探讨了生态执政能力建设的重要性及其内涵,认为生态执政能力是一个政党应对环境问题的能力,关系到政治、经济、文化、社会和生态安全等方面能否持续发展。生态执政能力的内容包括制定符合生态规律和环境保护要求的路线、方针政策的能力;领导制定和实施环境保护法律、法规的能力;动员和组织政党成员及国民学习和实践环境保护知识、理念、行为和规范的能力;领导国民建设生态文明、生态文化的能力;领导国民和教育国民选择、建设可持续发展的经济模式的能力。     

汽车-护栏系统耐撞性研究的有限元模型

为了建立汽车及公路护栏组成的复杂系统的耐撞性分析模型,基于VPG与LS-DYNA软件平台,应用标准化建模方法,即通过设定建模原则,在充分利用VPG内置的标准模型数据库如悬挂、轮胎、假人、安全带等各种模型的基础上,采用分块建模法,分别建立汽车、护栏、座椅模型,定义好各自内部的接触;并利用VPG的“export”功能,生成各自的DYN文件;再利用生成的DYN文件,就可组合出汽车-护栏系统耐撞性研究的各种中间环节的有限元模型,最终实现“汽车-护栏-乘员-座椅-安全带”系统模型的一体化。仿真分析与试验结果的对比表明,笔者建立的模型具有足够的可信度,适合工程应用,并给出了一个应用示例。