分置式膜-生物反应器处理生活污水及其体积负荷的确定

分置式膜－生物反应器处理生活污水的运行结果表明,在不同的污泥龄和水力停留时间下,处理效果稳定,污泥上清液中ＣＯＤ浓度平均为１９．５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,膜出水ＣＯＤ浓度平均为５．３ｍ ｇ／Ｌ． 对分置式－生物反应器的体积负荷进行推导表明,浓缩区的存在是该工艺处理能力较大的原因． 体积负荷由膜出水有机物浓度与污泥混合液有机物浓度之比α,浓缩区与反应器体积之比β和膜出水量与污泥混合液循环流量之比λ决定,即可以通过增加浓缩区体积和调整循环流量来控制分置式－生物反应器的处理能力．     

玻纤/PPS、PTFE复合水刺滤料的研发

玻纤/PPS、PTFE复合水刺滤料突破了传统针刺产品的性能局限性,利用水刺动能开纤,使纤维原纤化,同时增加滤料的抱合度,使产品具有立体三维容尘梯次结构,有效解决过滤效率和阻力之间的矛盾,替代覆膜滤料适应PM2.5的排放标准。     

新时期沿黄省会城市商业空间结构及其空间服务能力

在“黄河战略”和推动供给侧结构性改革的双重背景下,考察沿黄城市商业空间格局对推动黄河流域城市经济高质量发展意义重大。以沿黄省会城市为例,通过核密度估计、标准差椭圆方法分析其商业空间结构,进而通过叠加分析方法探讨等级商业空间服务能力。结果表明：（1）市区人均社会消费品零售总额自黄河上游到下游总体呈现递增趋势,济南是典型的积极消费型城市;（2）沿黄省会城市商业空间格局呈现出串珠型、单核心型、基础网络型、成熟网络型;（3）城市商业空间结构越成熟,空间服务能力越强,济南市等级商业空间服务能力显著,郑州市最差。研究结果能够为新时期黄河流域高质量发展与国土空间规划提供科学参考。     

基于风险的突发事件应急准备能力评估方法

建立基于风险的突发事件应急准备能力评估指标体系,为应急能力建设提供参考。主要根据《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》和我国应急管理体系＂一案三制＂的基本框架,选择反映突发事件应急准备能力的定性与定量指标,并采用简单加权求和方法分别计算其得分;根据四大类突发事件造成的人口死亡和经济损失等方面选择突发事件固有风险指标,并采用秩和比法计算相对风险水平得分;然后集成三类指标得分并作归一化处理得到反映突发事件应急准备能力的标准分。结果表明该评估指标体系能查找应急管理工作中的缺陷与脆弱性,评估方法能识别突发事件应急准备能力与突发事件固有风险降低需求之间的符合程度。该评估指标体系总体结构合理,方法可行。     

基层公安消防部队应急救援能力构成要素研究

近年来,我国公安消防部队主动拓展职能,承担了灭火之外的,以抢救人民生命为主的应急救援任务,已成为了我国常态下应急救援的主力军。本文根据新时期、新形势下应急救援工作建设的实际需要,系统的研究了应急救援能力的概念和构成要素,并从人员、装备、组织管理指挥体系和社会救援资源四个方面对基层公安消防部队的应急救援能力进行了分析,对各要素及各要素之间的关系分别进行了研究,分别提出了各要素的衡量方法,可对基层公安消防部队应急救援能力的科学评价和管理决策提供参考。     

区域地震灾害承载力评价的突变模型

为提高区域地震灾害承载力评价的准确性,基于拓扑学与系统论的基本原理,运用突变理论,构建区域地震灾害承载力评价突变模型。首先,在区域地震灾害承载力与突变理论结合分析的基础上,构建区域地震灾害承载力评价指标体系;其次,进行原始数据标准化处理;接着采用相应的突变归一公式和突变原则进行递归计算区域地震灾害承载力突变隶属值,并与评判标准比较得其地震灾害承载力等级;最后计算29个城市的地震灾害承载力,并将所得计算结果与模糊可变识别评价方法、指数评价方法所得结果进行比较。结果表明,该方法评价结果与模糊可变识别评价方法、指数评价方法的评价结果基本一致。     

Screening for a new Streptomyces strain capable of e cient keratin degradation

Keratinous wastes could be degraded by some microorganisms in nature. Native human foot skin （NHFS） was used as sole nitrogen source to screen microorganisms with keratin-degrading capability. From approximately 200 strains, a strain of Streptomyces sp. strain No. 16 was found to possess the strongest keratinolytic activity, and the total activity in the culture was 110 KU/ml with specific activity of 2870 KU/mg protein （KU： keratinase unit）. Substrate specificity test indicated that the crude keratinase could degrade keratin azure, human hair, cock feathers and collagen. The optimal pH of the crude keratinase ranged from 7.5 to 10 and the temperature ranged from 40℃ to 55℃. Metal chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid obviously stimulated the keratinolytic activity but suppressed the proteolytic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on specific induction of keratinases by NHFS from an actinomycete. Moreover, excellent characteristics of its crude keratinase may lead to the potential application in waste treatment and recovery, poultry and leather industry, medicine, and cosmetic development.     

塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性分析

文章从塔河县环境监测站现状出发,分析了塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性。最后提出了塔河县环境监测站建设标准。     

Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant biomass. The results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% (P = 0.000 < 0.05) that of coastal wetland. As the organic matter inputs from plant litter of the coastal wetland and riverside wetland were approximately the same, the higher soil microbial respiration (SMR) of riverside wetland led to its lower SOC reservation capability. In the riverside wetland, the high soil microbial biomass, higher proportion of β-Proteobacteria, which have strong carbon metabolism activity and the existence of some specific aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacilli and uncultured Lactococcus, were the important reasons for the higher SMR compared to the coastal wetland. There were additional differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics between the coastal wetland and riverside wetlands. Path analysis of predominant bacteria and microbial biomass showed that soil salinity influenced β-Proteobacteria and microbial biomass most negatively among these physical and chemical factors. Therefore the low salinity of the riverside area was suitable for the growth of microorganisms, especially β-Proteobacteria and some specific bacteria, which led to the high SMR and low SOC reservation capability when compared to the coastal area.     

投入产出分析在可持续发展计划中的应用

如何在国民经济发展计划中体现资源环境因素的影响?如何用现实可行的方法制定出符合可持续发展要求的国民经济发展计划?是目前环境经济领域急待解决的问题。本文从物质平衡的角度,探讨可持续经济发展计划的研究方法。