磁态厌氧流化床处理印染废水

在厌氧流化床中投加高效脱色菌种;采用聚集—交联固定法,将脱色菌固定于活性污泥上;在反应器内投加磁粉形成稳恒弱磁场,对微生物产生正的磁生物效应来提高生化反应速率,处理人工模拟印染废水。试验结果表明,水力停留时间3h,色度去除率90％以上CODcr去除率44％～49％。与传统生化法相比,该装置投资省,成本低,处理效果良好。启动快,耐冲击负荷,停留时间短,操作管理方便。在实际应用中有广阔的前景。     

水中羟基氧化铁催化臭氧分解和氧化痕量硝基苯的机理探讨

测定了木质颗粒活性炭(GAC)和负载在GAC上的羟基氧化铁(FeOOH)催化水中臭氧分解的速率常数并探讨了催化臭氧分解的途径.以水中几种氧化物表面羟基密度和表面零电荷pH值(pH_zpc)为表征氧化物表面性质的参数,考察了2个参数对催化臭氧氧化水中硝基苯的影响.GAC和负载在GAC上的FeOOH使水中臭氧一级分解速率常数分别提高了68%和108%,用叔丁醇捕获掉生成的羟基自由基后,前者的分解速率常数降低了9%,后者降低了20%.GAC在催化臭氧分解时主要起到吸附剂和还原剂的作用,FeOOH催化臭氧分解过程中促进了羟基自由基生成.氧化物表面羟基密度和催化臭氧氧化水中硝基苯的效果之间没有直接的关系,由氧化物的pH_zpc决定的表面电荷状态与催化氧化效果有关,表面接近电中性时对催化氧化硝基苯有利.高密度的表面羟基会使表面羟基之间形成较强的氢键,使催化作用减弱.     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解水中微量溶解性间二甲苯

以高压汞灯为光源 ,采用浸涂 -烧结法制备的负载型纳米TiO2 作为光催化剂 ,通过对水中微量溶解性间二甲苯的光催化氧化过程的研究表明 ,初始浓度在 6 .6 8— 17.36mg/L的范围内 ,间二甲苯的光催化反应遵循表观一级反应动力学规律 ,反应的表观速率常数随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小 ,半衰期则随初始浓度的增大而增加 ,经 1.5h反应后 ,溶液中间二甲苯的去除率从 17.36mg/L的 5 4 .4 4 %增加到 6 .6 8mg/L的 75 .90 %。     

钯离子液相催化氧化低浓度磷化氢

采用Pd^2＋液相催化氧化低浓度PH3,考察了Pd^2＋浓度、O2体积分数、PH3质量浓度、混合气流量、反应温度等因素对Pd^2＋吸收液去除低浓度PH3效果的影响。实验结果表明,采用10mL Pd^2＋浓度为0．112mol／L的水溶液作为吸收液净化含低浓度PH3的混合气,在反应温度22℃、O2体积分数5％、PH3质量浓度850mg／m^3、混合气流量190mL／min的条件下,印min之内PH3去除率保持在90％以上。Pd^2＋浓度越高、O2体积分数越大、反应温度越高,PH3去除率越高;混合气流量越大,PH3去除率越低;反应温度越低、O2体积分数越大,PH3去除率的下降速率越小。     

钴（Ⅱ）－过氧化氢－苯基荧光酮体系催化光度法测定痕量钴的研究

本文研究了钴（Ⅱ）催化过氧化氢氧化苯基荧光酮的褪色反应,测定了反应级数和表观活化能,建立了测定痕量地的新方法。２５℃时本法检出限为２９×１０－１３ｇ／ｍｌ,线性范围为０．０４～２ｎｇ／１０ｍｌ,催化反应表观活化能为５６．１５ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。该方法己用于维生素Ｂ１２、人发和茶叶中痕量钴的测定．结果满意,相对标准偏差为２．４～３．４％。     

Combination of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend and SCR catalyst assembly to reduce emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine

In this study, the efforts to reduce NOx and particulate matter （PM） emissions from a diesel engine using both ethanol-selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst and a biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend （BE-diesel） on an engine bench test are discussed. Compared with diesel fuel, use of BE-diesel increased PM emissions by 14% due to the increase in the soluble organic fraction （SOF） of PM, but it greatly reduced the Bosch smoke number by 60%-80% according to the results from 13-mode test of European Stationary Cycle （ESC） test. The SCR catalyst was effective in NOx reduction by ethanol, and the NOx conversion was approximately 73%. Total hydrocarbons （THC） and CO emissions increased significantly during the SCR of NOx process. Two diesel oxidation catalyst （DOC） assemblies were used after Ag/Al2O3 converter to remove CO and HC. Different oxidation catalyst showed opposite effect on PM emission. The PM composition analysis revealed that the net effect of oxidation catalyst on total PM was an integrative effect on SOF reduction and sulfate formation of PM. The engine bench test results indicated that the combination of BE-diesel and a SCR catalyst assembly could provide benefits for NOx and PM emissions control even without using diesel particle filters （DPFs）.     

我国三元催化转化器产业化的思路和发展方向

对三元催化转化器的市场进行了分析 ,指出了产业化中存在的问题 ,提出了我国产业化的思路和发展方向。     

La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_(4±λ)系列催化剂的合成、表征及NO分解催化性能的研究

合成了x值不同的 La_2.x_Sr_xCuO_(4±λ)(x=0.0—1.0)系列复合氧化物催化剂.用XRD、IR,XPS和化学分析等方法对催化剂的组成、结构进行了表征,并对NO分解的催化性能和作用机理进行了研究.结果表明:在x=0.0—1.0范围内.所有样品都具有A_2BO_4结构.发现NO分解活性与氧空位(缺陷)的浓度有关,与不同价态的Cu离子含量之间无直接关系.     

Studies on catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater

Catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater by sodium formate over the catalyst was investigated. Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by impregnation and characterized by brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), inductive coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). It was found that total nitrogen was effectively removed from the nitrate solution (100 mg/L) and the removal efficiency was 87%. The catalytic activity was affected by pH, catalyst amount used, concentration of sodium formate, and initial concentration of nitrate. As sodium formate was used as reductant, precise control in the initial pH was needed. Excessively high or low initial pH (7.0 or 3.0) reduced catalytic activity. At initial pH of 4.5, catalytic activity was enhanced by reducing the amount of catalyst, while concentrations of sodium formate increased with a considerable decrease in N₂ selectivity. In which case, catalytic reduction followed the first order kinetics. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(4): 567–571 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Free radical oxidation of spent radioactive organic solvent

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