锅炉尾部烟道直接喷水调质技术的研究

对排烟温度低于160 ℃的锅炉尾部烟道内直接喷水调质技术进行了探讨,从实际应用情况来看,此项技术改造规模小,不影响除灰系统正常运行,并且能提高1%～2.5%的除尘效率.     

An Automated Wet Deposition System to Compare the Effects of Reduced and Oxidised N on Ombrotrophic Bog Species: Practical Considerations

Critical N loads for ombrotrophic bogs, which often contain rare and N-sensitive plants (especially those in lower plant groups: lichens, mosses and liverworts), are based on very few experimental data from measured, low background N deposition areas. Additionally the relative effects of reduced versus oxidised N are largely unknown. This paper describes an automated field exposure system (30 km S. of Edinburgh, Scotland) for treating ombrotrophic bog vegetation with fine droplets of oxidised N (NaNO₃) and reduced N (NH₄Cl). Whim Moss exists in an area of low ambient N deposition (ca. 8 kg N ha^–1 y^–1), the sources and quantification of which are described. The wet N treatment system is run continuously, and is controlled/activated by wind speed and rainfall to provide a unique simulation of real world treatment patterns (no rain=no treatment). Simulated precipitation is supplied at ionic concentrations below4mMin rainwater collected on site. Treatments provide a replicated dose response to 16, 32 and 64 kg N ha^–1 y^–1 adjusted for ambient deposition (8 kg N ha^–1 y^–1). The 16 and 64 kg N ha^–1 y^–1 are duplicated with a P+K supplement. Baseline soil chemistry and foliar nutrient status was established for all 44 plots for Calluna vulgaris, Sphagnum capillifolium, Hypnum jutlandicum and Cladonia portentosa.     

湘西金矿溜矿井卸矿点尘源控制试验研究

通过对溜矿井卸矿点产尘及其特点的研究 ,提出了一种独特的防尘思维模式 ,并有针对地设计出一种自净式喷雾装置 ,适用效果良好。     

新型航空清洗剂对航空铝合金防盐雾性能影响的分析

目的 评价新型航空清洗剂对航空铝合金防盐雾性能的影响。方法 对航空铝合金7075在施加清洗剂清洗后开展中性盐雾试验,通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、高分辨率拉曼光谱等研究手段,对铝合金的表面形貌、组织成分及关键化学组分的变化情况进行对比分析,综合评价该清洗剂对铝合金的性能影响。结果 经过新型航空清洗剂清洗和6 h中性盐雾试验后,清洗剂仍在铝合金表面残留有保护膜,且清洗后的铝合金表面经盐雾实验后依然光亮,有明显的二次相颗粒,无絮状物和氯化钠结晶体,其表面褐色腐蚀斑点也更小。结论 经清洗后,铝合金的盐雾腐蚀程度明显更轻,说明清洗剂中的缓蚀剂成分起到了保护作用,该清洗剂具有防盐沉降的作用,可提升航空铝合金的防盐雾腐蚀性能。     

酸性介质对橡胶材料在盐雾环境下老化行为的影响研究

目的研究SO_2、稀硫酸两种酸性介质对橡胶材料在盐雾环境下老化行为的影响。方法以乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶为试验对象,分别以SO_2、稀硫酸为酸性介质,开展"SO2-盐雾"、"稀硫酸-盐雾"试验,利用宏观形貌观察、拉伸性能测试方法,结合扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱技术,分析两种酸性介质对橡胶材料老化过程的影响。结果乙丙橡胶在"SO2-盐雾"复合环境中暴露48 h后,表面由紫色变为淡蓝色;暴露12d后,表面出现密集的脱落坑和长条状的粉化带,亚甲基含量略微降低,第三单体中,残余双键特征吸收峰消失。丁腈橡胶在"SO2-盐雾"环境中暴露12d后,橡胶断裂拉伸强度保留率降低至75%,聚合物中的酰胺键、亚甲基含量显著降低。结论"SO2-盐雾"复合试验对橡胶材料的侵蚀作用更加剧烈,丁腈橡胶暴露12 d后的断裂拉伸强度损失率比在"稀硫酸-盐雾"环境下高出14.39%。SO_2气体加速了橡胶中填充剂颗粒的析出、脱落过程,造成橡胶表面出现变色、脱落等缺陷,导致橡胶材料的拉伸性能降低。     

曝晒位置对纯铜热带海洋大气环境腐蚀性能的影响研究

目的研究不同离岸曝晒位置对纯铜热带海洋大气环境腐蚀性能的影响。方法通过对T2铜在三亚热带海滨离岸不同距离进行24个月的大气曝晒试验,结合大气Cl~-在相应位置的沉积量及湿度变化情况,并采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪和XRD等对其腐蚀产物形貌、成分和物相进行分析。结果 T2铜热带海洋大气腐蚀以均匀腐蚀为主,其平均腐蚀速率随离岸距离的增加、曝晒时间的延长而下降。腐蚀产物为双层结构,外层为具有疏松结构的绿色Cu_2(OH)_3Cl,内层为致密的Cu_2O。随着离岸距离的增加、暴露时间的延长,试样表面电解液介质中Cl~-浓度越大,T2铜腐蚀产物中Cu_2(OH)_3Cl含量增加,但腐蚀产物生成主要以Cu_2O相为主。结论腐蚀速率与盐雾沉积量与离岸距离变化关系存在差异,盐雾沉积量先升后降,在离岸80 m处有最大值,由于大气相对湿度的影响,导致T2铜腐蚀速率在离岸0 m处有最大值,在离岸80 m处有极大值。     

高原环境对大功率柴油机起动过程影响研究

目的研究高原环境对大功率柴油机起动过程影响规律。方法针对平原和高原地区某12缸柴油机进行实车起动试验,对两种环境下柴油机起动过程转速与缸压数据进行分析,对比两种环境起动过程滞燃期变化规律,同时对两种环境起动过程喷雾特性进行仿真计算。结果发现在高原环境起动过程加速阶段更易出现滞速,甚至失火现象,两种环境下起动过程中以时间计滞燃期均在加速阶段快速下降,在过渡阶段下降平缓,在同一时刻高原环境滞燃期更大,且波动更大,最大可达0.9 ms。喷雾过程仿真结果发现,高原环境起动过程喷雾贯穿距发展更快,油束重心更接近燃烧室壁面。结论高原环境使得柴油机起动过程喷雾贯穿距增大,油束碰壁导致混合气形成质量变差,滞燃期变长,最终导致高原环境下起动过程出现滞速甚至失火等现象。     

基于多因子影响的东南沿海地区服役涂层环境试验设计

目的通过分析东南沿海地区车辆服役环境特点,提取了光照、温度、水、化学介质四种影响因素,分析四种影响因素的影响机理、影响方式、影响效果。方法对《GJB 150A—2009军用装备实验室环境试验方法》的基本运用方法及裁剪技术进行初步探讨,依据该标准制定东南沿海地区服役车辆涂层实验室试验的流程方法,并进行试验验证。结果实验室加速腐蚀试验结果与现役涂层腐蚀情况具有较好的相关性。结论为东南沿海地区涂层环境试验的设计、实施及测评,对涂层寿命预测、有效性检验和维修保养方案制定提供了重要的依据。     

我国大气环境下大型钢结构的长效防护

论述了喷涂Zn、Al及Zn鄄Al合金涂层的防护性能,列举了它们在不同环境条件下的腐蚀试验结果及数据,介绍了一些工程实例中采用金属喷涂层进行防护的效果及防护寿命。此外还介绍了氟碳树脂涂层在我国典型的高辐射太阳能和沿海地区环境下的优秀耐候性能。在上述工作基础上,推荐了关于大型钢结构高效、长效防腐措施的2种建议方案,其防腐蚀寿命可达15～20年以上。     

Characterization of a medium velocity deluge nozzle for offshore installations

It is important to study the characteristics of the nozzle of the deluge spray to comply with the standards developed by the petroleum industry for offshore installations in Norway. Due to the stochastic nature of the decomposition processes and geometrical features within the nozzle, the deluge spray has a complex flow field. Since the flow field determines the performance of the spray, the present study performs an experimental characterization of a medium velocity deluge nozzle for validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The experiment was conducted for a maximum supply water pressure of 8.0 bar (g), which is identical to the operating pressures of offshore installations. Formerly, characterization studies of deluge or sprinkler spray were mostly targeted on residential usage with lower supply water pressures. I utilized a laser-based shadow imaging system to capture high-speed images, which were later processed in MATLAB. A linear patternator was used to validate the results of the shadow imaging technique. The geometrical features of the deluge nozzle played an important role in determining the characteristics of the spray. In addition, the supply water pressure significantly affected the size and velocity distributions of the droplets, applied density (volume flux), and area coverage. However, the Sauter mean diameter did not vary significantly with the azimuthal or radial position of the droplet within the inner region of the spray. The measurements obtained in this study can be used to estimate the extinguishing efficiency of a deluge system for offshore installations with elevated supply water pressures. Deviations between measurements with shadow imaging and patternator technique are discussed and discrepancies are discussed.