空气微生物对铜陵市环境质量的指示作用

所测铜陵市区空气的平均细菌含量约４１８１．５ＣＦＵ．ｍ－３，总菌含量约４４９５．９ＣＦＵ．ｍ－３。与许多中国的大中城市比，污染不重，结果指示铜陵空气尚处于正常状态之中。     

Proposal of Indicators to Assess Urban Sustainability in Brazil

The research related here focuses on municipal situations where problems of sustainability may be defined and tackled on the basis of bottom-up management procedures with the participation of organized society. The aim is to build management models that may be implemented with reasonable administrative effort and cost. Implementation pursues the target of approaching a sustainable situation in the municipality. Environmental parameters for an ideal municipality with undefined geographical location are presented. For each parameter, a set of indicators is developed that can measure the prospect of sustainability. The indicators are defined in terms of numbers or literal concepts according to the possibility of measurement. Examples of management models are presented, which are able to approach the situation defined as sustainable by the indicators. The basic management tool is the learning curve of targeted communities, which is experimentally developed and applied. The indicators are grouped according to their range of applicability.     

Achieving Integrative, Collaborative Ecosystem Management

Abstract:  Although numerous principles have been identified as being important for successfully integrating social and ecological factors in collaborative management, few authors have illustrated how these principles are used and why they are effective. On the basis of a review of the ecosystem management and collaboration literature, we identified eight factors important for integrative, collaborative ecosystem management—integrated and balanced goals, inclusive public involvement, stakeholder influence, consensus group approach, collaborative stewardship, monitoring and adaptive management, multidisciplinary data, and economic incentives.We examined four cases of successful ecosystem management to illustrate how the factors were incorporated and discuss the role they played in each case's success. The cases illustrate that balancing social and ecosystem sustainability goals is possible. Collaborative efforts resulted in part from factors aimed at making plans economically feasible and from meaningful stakeholder participation in ongoing management. It also required participation in monitoring programs to ensure stakeholder interests were protected and management efforts were focused on agreed-upon goals. Data collection efforts were not all-inclusive and systematic; rather, they addressed the ecological, economic, and social aspects of key issues as they emerged over time. Economic considerations appear to be broader than simply providing economic incentives; stakeholders seem willing to trade some economic value for recreational or environmental benefits. The cases demonstrate that it is not idealistic to believe integrative, collaborative ecosystem management is possible in field applications.     

甘肃省旅游城市体系研究

运用主成分与聚类分析相结合的方法，根据《甘肃省城镇体系规划和城镇基础设施报告（2003）》，《中国优秀旅游城市检查标准》。甘肃省旅游局2004年对国内游客的抽样调查数据（2004），以及对甘肃省主要城市基础设施、社会经济发展等方面28项指标进行的主成分——因子聚类分析综合评价结果，得出主要城市的体系与功能评价，初步探讨甘肃省旅游城市体系，根据结果初步得出，甘肃省旅游城市体系分为，国际旅游城市——敦煌，省内一级旅游中心城市——兰州，省内二级旅游中心城市以及省内三级旅游中心城市和地方旅游中心城镇，并为各个城市的城市旅游形象和城市旅游标识体系，旅游城市的发展方向等进行了概念性规划。     

都市圈化:一种新型的中国城市化战略

在我国城市化的理论和实践基础上。提出了一个可持续的城市化模式——都市圈化。并对其内涵和外延进行归纳，进而将中国三大都市圈与日本的都市圈进行比较。结论是：中国沿海地区的都市圈化。既适应世界潮流，又符合中国国情。还能实现国家和区域的人口-经济-生态的平衡。都市圈化的推行。将在中国沿海地区形成以三大都市圈为核心的长达数千公里的人口高度聚集的沿海城镇密集地区。成为新时期我国国家竞争战略的支撑点。并将在一定程度上消弭城乡之闻、沿海与内地之闻的体制鸿沟和贫富鸿沟。     

公共资源与最优产权选择

公共资源是指在产权界定过程中，资源所有者被迫放弃或者没有进行产权界定的资源部分,而产权界定本质上是划分公共资源归属权的过程。根据组织对公共资源控制权的性质，将其分为两类——组织间公共资源和组织内公共资源，并据此将产权界定、生产和交易纳入同一个分析框架中。通过分析，认为随着公共资源范围的变化，不同产权形成一个相互联系和转化的系列，即从资源非稀缺条件下的纯公共产权到资源全为废弃物的纯公共产权系列；不可交易的所有权是产权系列中的特殊形式，私人产权和俱乐部产权是这一系列中的过渡形式；组织内和组织间的均衡博弈结构决定最优产权的具体选择形式。     

京津唐地区农村-城市转型研究

以农村发展为视角，城乡一体化为背景。详细分析了京津唐地区农村—城市转型的特征、动力机制和类型。通过分析，文章认为促进京津唐地区农村一城市转型的因素一部分来自于农村内部的改革和发展．一部分来自于中心城市的经济技术辐射。在此基础上．作者提出了推进京津唐地区农村-城市转型的主要对策。     

Using many-objective trade-off analysis to help dams promote economic development,protect the poor and enhance ecological health

Allocating water to different uses implies trading off the benefits perceived by different sectors. This paper demonstrates how visualising the trade-offs implied by the best performing water management options helps balance water use benefits and find sustainable solutions. The approach consists of linking a water resources model that can simulate many management policies and track diverse measures of system performance, to a many-objective evolutionary optimisation algorithm. This generates the set of Pareto-optimal management alternatives for several simultaneous objectives. The relative performance of these efficient management alternatives is then visualised as trade-off curves or surfaces using visual analytic plots. Visually assessing trade-offs between benefits helps select policies that achieve a decision-maker-selected balance between different metrics of system performance. We apply this approach to a multi-reservoir water resource system in Brazil's semi-arid Jaguaribe basin where current water allocation procedures favour sectors with greater political power and technical knowledge. The case study identifies promising reservoir operating policies by exploring trade-offs between economic, ecological and livelihood benefits as well as traditional hydropower generation, irrigation and water supply. Results show optimised policies can increase allocations to downstream uses while increasing median land availability for the poorest farmers by 25%.     

焦作市城市社会生态环境评价

在调查研究的基础上，针对焦作市2000年的城市生态环境现状，构建了城市社会生态环境质量评价体系，由3个层次24个指标组成。对焦作市城市社会生态环境进行单因素和综合质量评价。评价结果表明，该市的城市社会生态环境质量比较差，并存在一些主要社会生态环境问题。最后，针对性地提出了一些改善治理的对策。     

环境侵权的公益诉讼研究

环境权是公民的法定权益，通过诉讼的途径和机制排除环境侵害是最为有效和可取的。本文正是在分析了环境侵权的种类及特点的基础上，对环境侵权提起公益诉讼进行了研究，并指出建立环境侵权公益诉讼制度的可行性和必要性。