广州市民用建筑工程室内环境污染物水平

对广州市天河区和白云区182个民用建筑工程进行验收时,共对1730个检测点室内环境的游离甲醛、氨、氡、苯和TVOC等污染物浓度进行检测。结果除室内氡浓度全部检测合格外,其它超过民用建筑工程室内环境污染物浓度限量的检测点有:甲醛(20个)、氨(1个)、苯(31个,其中9个为Ⅱ类民用建筑工程)、TVO(C20个,其中2个为Ⅱ类民用建筑工程)。超过规定限量的检测点全部为已装修的房间,要求对不合格房间采取处理措施后,进行样品数加倍检测,结果全部合格。     

环境侵权民事责任诉讼时效制度分析

环境侵权民事责任诉讼时效制度对于保障环境侵权受害人的利益有着重要作用。对我国现行环境侵权民事责任诉讼时效制度作出分析 ,指出其不足 ,并提出建议。     

环境侵权与民事救济——兼论环境立法中存在的问题

随着中国环境污染与破坏的加剧,因公害而产生的环境侵权与民事救济将成为中国的一大社会问题。本文分析了传统民事侵权的区别,讨论了环境侵权的归责原则、因果关系推定与举证责任等问题,并提出环境侵权的民事救济应实行预防性的排除侵害与损害、赔偿并重的救济制度,实行利益衡量原则与公害赔偿社会化。最后,作者就如何完善中国环境侵权与民事救济立法提出几点建议。     

利用阈值浮动技术实现机场周围飞机噪声的自动测量

介绍一种自动、高效测量机场周围飞机噪声的技术方法"阈值浮动技术",即噪声测量仪的运行阈值随环境背景噪声的高低而自主浮动的技术。利用该技术,当被测飞机噪声声级高于运行阈值时,噪声测量仪启动"记录、分析、录音"等程序的运行;当被测飞机噪声声级低于运行阈值时,停止相关程序的运行。由于运行阈值是浮动的,因而实现了机场周围飞机噪声的自动、高效和准确测量。给出了实现"阈值浮动技术"的计算机算法,并列举了测量实例对该项技术加以验证,证明了该技术方法行之有效。     

显示触控系统人为因素适航符合性验证技术

为解决传统人为因素适航符合性验证技术对先进驾驶舱显示触控系统设计的不适用性问题,首先,详细阐述显示触控系统的技术特点;然后,依据相关适航条款,确定显示触控系统在人为因素适航审定中需重点考虑的要素和审定计划的条理性方法;最后,结合符合性验证可能产生的问题,给出显示触控系统人为因素符合性验证要求及实现方法.结果 表明:人为...     

中国核损害责任制度的缺陷及立法设想

随着核能和平利用的发展。核能的安全性日益引起人们的关注，核损害及其赔偿已经成为无法回避的问题。我国现行核损害责任制度存在重大缺陷．应该尽快建立和完善我国大陆的核损害责任制度。建议：①在民事基本法的层次上，对核损害责任做出全面而具体的规定。②制定核领域的基本法《原子能法》或《核设施法》。③制定《核损害赔偿法》或《核损害责任法》或《核损害赔偿条例》。最后提出我国大陆核损害责任立法的主要内容。     

Guatemala: violence in peacetime--a critical analysis of the armed conflict and the peace process

The recent history of Guatemala is interpreted here using an interdisciplinary approach inspired by recent development and conflict studies. The author reflects on his experience in peace-building activities and uses a combination of primary and secondary sources to present the Guatemalan war as a complex political emergency. The first part (a methodological introduction) proposes an analytical framework, taking into account both the root causes and the different functions of violence, in order to achieve a better understanding of contemporary conflicts. In the second and central part of the article, the integrated framework is applied to Guatemala, trying to understand causes and functions of war and negotiation and underlining the existence of structural obstacles to a lasting peace. The conclusions are dedicated to policy implications: if the signing of peace accords represents only a step towards negative peace, the condition for a lasting peace is a strategy for reconciliation and development based on social participation and social justice.     

关于土木基础设施系统的基础研究

论述了土木基础设施系统对社会经济发展和人民生活质量提高所起的重要作用,总结了国内外土木基础设施系统的现状和研究趋势,指出了针对我国基础设施建设和更新改造中的重大科学问题开展多学科交叉研究的重要意义。同时建议重点开展以下几方面的研究：１．土木基础设施系统性能检测与寿命评估技术;２．土木基础设施系统的防灾减灾研究;３．材料性能研究;４．土木基础设施系统的维修和更新改造技术开发;５．土工技术基础问题研究     

环境侵权民事责任的构成与举证

随着经济的发展,工业生产过程中排放的污染物对环境造成的压力也不断加大,由此引发的民事纠纷日渐增多,建立和完善我国的环境民事法律责任制度,是一项重大而现实的课题。本文对我国环境侵权民事责任的构成及举证责任分担进行了分析,阐述了环境侵权归责制度的缺陷并提出了相关建议。     

OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS DURING URBAN FLOODING1

ABSTRACT: In this paper a numerical model for flood propagation in urban areas is proposed. It has been applied to evaluate flooding hydraulic characteristics in terms of potential flood elevations, depths, and inundated areas. Furthermore, the algorithm efficiency and the consequent reduced computation time allow the use of the hydraulic model as a part of a more complex system for civil protection actions, planning, and management. During flood events, the transportation network plays a main role both in rescuing people when they are more vulnerable and in moving people and materials from and toward affected areas. The reduced efficiency of this transportation network is evaluated based on a least‐flood‐risk path‐finding algorithm. The results of a case study concerning the northern part of the city of Rome, show that the numerical model for unsteady flow in open channel networks achieves the proposed aims. It has proven to be able to describe the flood hydraulic characteristics and to be suitable for real‐time flood emergency management in urban areas.