COMBUSTIVE APPROACH FOR MEASURING TOTAL VOLATILE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN LANDFILL GAS

A technique was developed to measure the total gaseous phosphorus content in biogas. The amount of air needed for a neutral to oxidising flame was mixed with the biogas. The gas mixture was burnt in a closed quartz burner and the combustion gasses were bubbled through a nitric acid solution. The phosphate content in the bubbling liquid was determined with sector field ICP-MS. The technique was validated in the lab with phosphine. Afterwards the set-up was installed on a landfill. The total gaseous phosphorus content in the landfill gas, measured with the combustive technique, ranged from 1.65 to 4.44 g P/m³. At the same time the phosphine concentration in the landfill gas was determined gas chromatographically (GC). The phosphine (PH₃) content measured with GC ranged from 7.6 to 16.7 g PH₃-P/m³. Since the phosphine-P content (GC) was consistently higher than the total gaseous phosphorus content (burner/ICP-MS), the hypothesised presence of highly toxic gaseous phosphorus compounds other than phosphine could not be demonstrated.     

Volatile Organic Compounds from Coal Tar and Soil Vapor Samples at MGP Sites

This study characterized organic compounds found in New York State manufactured gas plant (MGP) coal tar vapors using controlled laboratory experiments from four separate MGP sites. In addition, a limited number of deep (0.3–1.2 m above coal tar) and shallow (1.2–2.4 m above coal tar) soil vapor samples were collected above the in situ coal tar source at three of these sites. A total of 29 compounds were consistently detected in the laboratory-generated coal tar vapors at 50°C, whereas 24 compounds were detected at 10°C. The compounds detected in the field sample results were inconsistent with the compounds found in the laboratory-generated samples. Concentrations of compounds in the shallow soil vapor sample were either non-detectable or substantially lower than those found in deeper samples, suggesting attenuation in the vadose zone. Laboratory-generated data at 50°C compared the (% non-aromatic)/(% aromatic) ratio and indicated that this ratio may provide good discrimination between coal tar vapor and common petroleum distillates.     

矸石基X型分子筛对水中Co2+、Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr3+的去除

以煤矸石为原料,采用碱熔后水热合成法制备X型分子筛并进行XRD、SEM、BET和Zeta电位分析。研究其对水中Co2+、Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr3+4种离子的吸附性能,包括吸附等温线、吸附动力学以及初始金属离子浓度、pH值对吸附性能的影响。所合成的矸石基X型分子筛的BET比表面积为676.02 m2/g,微孔孔容为0.263 cm3/g。吸附实验表明,矸石基X型分子筛能有效去除上述4种离子,同时实现煤矸石的资源化和金属离子的去除。4种离子的平衡吸附量均随初始浓度的增大而增大,相同条件下平衡吸附量的大小顺序为Cd2+>Cr3+>Cu2+>Co2+。准二级动力学模型能很好地描述4种离子的吸附动力行为。Langmuir模型对Co2+、Cu2+和Cd2+吸附的拟合较Freundlich模型高,说明其主要表现为物理吸附过程。4种离子的吸附速率均由液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制。     

演马矿煤矸石堆周围环境中重金属分布特征

以焦作市演马矿煤矸石堆为对象,检测分析其周围土壤、地下水和植物中的重金属含量,并结合当地的地形地貌、土壤性质和地下水动力条件,研究煤矸石堆放与环境污染之间的联系. 根据地形地貌、地下水流向和风向,在演马矿煤矸石堆周围布置土壤、地下水和植物采样点,检测分析pH和重金属(如Pb,Mn,Zn,Cu,Cr和Cd)含量及分布规律. 结果表明:煤矸石堆放是造成周围环境污染的重要因素,煤矸石释放的重金属大部分被土壤所吸附,所检测的6种重金属在土壤中均被检出,其中部分点位的Zn和Cd含量已经超过土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中的二级标准;土壤中重金属可以进一步向地下水和植物传递,地下水中Mn含量与煤矸石堆的距离呈负相关,植物叶中Pb的含量最高,叶和茎中重金属含量表现出与煤矸石堆的相关性;矿坑排水、锅炉房飘尘也是造成周围环境重金属污染的重要来源.      

康苏风化煤对荒漠盐渍土的改良效果分析

通过盆栽试验比较了施用不同剂量的康苏风化煤(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)对荒漠盐渍土改良的效果和对小麦生长的影响。结果表明,康苏风化煤能降低盐渍土壤的pH值,增加土壤中有机质、全氮、速效氮和速效磷等的含量;小麦根系长度、株高和地上部分的生物量均有增加,其中4%、6%风化煤处理区为最佳,其根系长度、根鲜重、干重、高生长、地上部分鲜重、干重依次比对照增加58%、74%、89%、60%、73%和77%;各处理中以施入4%、6%风化煤的改良及对小麦生长效果较好。     

淮南谢桥煤矿矿井水深度处理技术的选择

简述了煤矿高矿化度矿井水的主要深度处理技术及它们的特点和发展情况,并举例说明了这些深度处理技术目前的运用现状。结合实际情况,说明淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿选择反渗透技术在矿井水脱盐的优势以及产生的经济、社会和环境效益。     

燃煤PM2.5相变脱除实验研究

实验研究了添加蒸汽和雾化水2种不同烟气调节方式下,操作参数对燃煤可吸入颗粒物凝结长大脱除特性的影响.用电称低压冲击器（ELPI）实时测量脱除前后颗粒数浓度和粒径分布情况.结果表明,蒸汽在颗粒表面凝结能有效促进燃煤PM_2.5的脱除;颗粒的分级脱除效率随粒径的增大呈上升的趋势,特别是对于粒径<0.3 μm的颗粒,当蒸汽添加量为0.1 kg/m³,随粒径从0.03　μm增加到0.3　μm,脱除效率提高了60%以上;添加蒸汽时,脱除效率与调节室入口烟气温度无关;而添加雾化水,脱除效率则随调节室入口烟气温度的升高而显著增大,温度从136℃升高到256℃,脱除效率提高了30%以上.烟气温度较高时,利用雾化液滴的蒸发能替代添加蒸汽实现燃煤PM_2.5的高效脱除.     

综合防尘技术在开元公司的应用

主要介绍了采煤机高压引射降尘系统、液压支架自动喷雾、粉尘浓度在线检测超限自动喷雾等综合防尘技术在开元公司矿井中的应用。通过对降尘系统效果监测和分析,降尘效率达到84．1％,降尘效果明显,改善了作业场所的劳动卫生条件。     

平顶山市区煤烟型大气污染现状及治理措施

分析了平顶山市区燃煤造成大气污染的严重现状及其原因,对实施"蓝天工程",提出了治理措施,政策措施,煤炭燃烧前、燃烧过程以及烟气排放三个阶段的除尘脱硫技术措施。     

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫设施脱硫效率计算方法的探讨

为准确评估燃煤电厂脱硫设施在实际运用中的脱硫效率,根据目前脱硫效率的三种计算方法在实际运用中的问题,并应用燃煤电厂的实测数据,对比了三种方法计算得出脱硫效率的相对误差。结果表明：根据折算浓度评估脱硫效率,综合考虑了烟气泄漏对计算脱硫效率的影响,并且不受烟气旁路排放等因素影响,理论上和实践中都可以得到准确的脱硫效率。