瓦斯异常区域高位裂隙抽放技术探析

城郊煤矿为瓦斯矿井,但2703工作面属于瓦斯异常区域。在工作面回采期间,瓦斯涌出量不断增加,工作面瓦斯易超限,严重制约了工作面的正常回采工作。为了达到降低工作面瓦斯浓度,解决工作面瓦斯超限,实现工作面的安全、高效回采工作,采取了高位裂隙瓦斯抽放钻孔对煤岩层卸压带瓦斯进行抽放,取得了良好的效果。     

综放采空区瓦斯与煤自燃多场耦合模拟研究

为了分析瓦斯与煤自燃多场耦合致灾特性,结合瓦斯抽采引起的采空区混合气体流动、气体组分渗流与采空区渗透率变化、固气两相热量传输等多物理过程,建立了基于综放采空区高位钻孔瓦斯抽采的热-流-化多场耦合数学模型,采用COMSOL软件模拟了综放采空区高位钻孔抽采瓦斯诱导煤自燃过程,阐明了瓦斯与煤自燃多场耦合致灾机理,得到了寸草塔二矿31102综放采空区氧化带范围与高温范围,并探讨了抽采强度对综放采空区氧浓度场与温度场的影响。研究结果表明:高位钻孔抽采瓦斯有效地降低了回风巷瓦斯浓度,保证了31102综放工作面安全高效回采。增大综放采空区高位钻孔抽采瓦斯强度不能保证煤自燃安全性,二者存在矛盾,在得到高效抽采瓦斯的同时,会造成进风侧氧化带宽度增加,采空区氧化带边界向深处蔓延,扩大煤自燃高温区域,漏风携氧充分的参与煤氧复合反应,采空区最高温度逐渐上升,煤自燃风险增大。     

Water Quality Changes as a Result of Coalbed Methane Development in a Rocky mountain Watershed1

Abstract: Coalbed methane (CBM) development raises serious environmental concerns. In response, concerted efforts have been made to collect chemistry, salinity, and sodicity data on CBM produced water. However, little information on changes of stream water quality resulting from directly and/or indirectly received CBM produced water is available in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine changes instream water quality, particularly sodicity and salinity, due to CBM development in the Powder River watershed, which is located in the Rocky Mountain Region and traverses the states of Wyoming and Montana. To this end, a retrospective analysis of water quality trends and patterns was conducted using data collected from as early as 1946 up to and including 2002 at four U.S. Geological Survey gauging stations along the Powder River. Trend analysis was conducted using linear regression and Seasonal Kendall tests, whereas, Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons was used to detect changes in the spatial pattern. The results indicated that the CBM development adversely affected the water quality in the Powder River. First, the development elevated the stream sodicity, as indicated by a significant increase trend of the sodium adsorption ratio. Second, the development tended to shrink the water quality differences among the three downstream stations but to widen the differences between these stations and the farthest upstream station. In contrast, the development had only a minor influence on stream salinity, as indicated by that the stream electrical conductivity exhibited either no trend or a marginally significant positive trend. Hence, the CBM development is likely an important factor that can be managed to lower the stream sodicity. The management may need to take into account that the effects of the CBM development were different from one location to another along the Powder River.     

非线性拉伸对甲烷-空气预混火焰燃烧特性的影响

使用定容燃烧弹与高速纹影照相系统研究了不同当量比下甲烷-空气预混气体的层流火焰燃烧特性。实验数据同时应用传统线性模型和非线性模型分析了不同当量比对球形扩展火焰的传播速率和马克斯坦长度的影响。结果显示:随着当量比的增加,层流燃烧速率先增大后减小,直到当量比为1.1时,火焰速率达到最大值。马克斯坦长度始终为正值,且随着当量比的增大而增大。在所有当量比条件下,线性和非线性方法计算的火焰速率大致相同,差值小于0.01 m/s;线性方法得到的马克斯坦长度均大于非线性模型计算的结果,并随着当量比的增大,两种方法得到的马克斯坦长度的差值更加显著。     

自进式旋转钻头钻孔修复理论及关键参数研究

瓦斯预抽钻孔在抽放过程中经常出现塌孔、堵孔等现象。针对这一问题,提出采用自进式旋转钻头修复失效钻孔的新方法。其利用自进式旋转钻头后置喷嘴的喷射反冲力作为动力,自行至钻孔堵塞段处,前置喷嘴形成的高压水射流对堵孔煤渣进行破碎,将其与水混合返出孔外,实现清孔排渣、钻孔修复的目的。对自进式旋转钻头钻孔破煤清渣的临界射流压力及流量进行分析,基于摩擦动力学计算钻头自驱的临界射流压力,在此基础上设计钻头结构及优化喷嘴布置,数值分析不同喷嘴组合情况下射流速度分布,得出最优喷嘴布置方式。并应用于鹤煤八矿-655轨道石门揭煤瓦斯预抽,实验结果表明:该方法能够实现失效钻孔的修复,并有效的提高了瓦斯抽采效果,缩短了瓦斯抽放时间。     

基于优化组合赋权的煤层气开发风险评价研究

煤层气开发项目的高风险制约着我国煤层气产业的发展,为此,通过对煤层气开发风险因素的分析,基于煤层气开发特征构建由7个一级指标和34个二级指标构成的风险评价体系。运用离差平方和优化组合熵值法和三角模糊数法所得权重确定指标最佳权重,建立煤层气开发风险评价模型。最后,以沁水盆地南部柿庄南区块煤层气井为例进行实证评价,结果显示地质资源因素对该地区煤层气开发影响最大,其中渗透率的影响最为显著。研究表明:模型能优化主观评价和客观评价的赋权比重,最大化的减少主观因素对评价结果的影响,能客观合理的表达多指标间的对比差异,对煤层气开发风险进行可靠的定量化评价。为煤层气开发风险的控制和规避提供科学的理论依据。     

特殊地质条件下深钻孔排渣技术及应用

针对特殊地质结构及远距离下行钻孔孔内残留钻屑量大,排渣困难,钻孔有效利用率低,抽采效果不理想等不利影响,结合现有悬浮剂资料,配置一定密度的悬浮液并进行排渣技术试验。试验结果表明,悬浮液排渣能够排出钻孔中残留的钻屑,清洗钻孔,避免钻屑填埋煤层段,延长钻孔有效深度,提高瓦斯抽采效果,浅钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量提高27%,抽采浓度提高8%,深钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量提高110%,抽采浓度提高340%。为特殊地质结构下深钻孔排渣工作提供一定的参考依据。     

煤体初始瓦斯涌出规律预测煤巷突出危险性研究

为提高煤巷突出危险性预测的准确性,基于摩尔库伦准则,建立煤巷突出平衡方程,探究煤巷突出发生条件;通过COM-SOL Multiphysics模拟软件探究钻孔瓦斯涌出量和瓦斯压力的关系;利用ZTL20/1000-Z型矿用隔爆型连续流量法煤层巷道突出预测装置,以薛湖煤矿二煤层为试验对象,进行煤巷突出危险性预测试验研究.结果...     

基于响应面法的煤矿钻孔随钻超声成像仪器受力部件优化设计*

摘要:为研制适用于煤矿瓦斯抽采钻孔、满足施工强度要求的小尺寸随钻超声成像仪器,对随钻超声成像仪器的关键受力部位——超声探头安装孔进行优化设计,分析煤矿瓦斯抽采钻孔的一般规格,建立超声探头安装孔的三维模型,确定关键参数类型及其取值范围,采用极差分析法找到对受力部件强度影响较大的参数,基于响应面法开展有限元数值模拟,运用Box-Behnken设计方法得到超声探头安装孔关键参数与仪器受力部件性能指标的关系,优化受力部件关键参数的数值。结果表明:优化前最大的等效应力为138.6 MPa,优化后受力部件最大等效应力较优化前降低9.05%。结论验证了设计方法的有效性,为煤矿抽采钻孔随钻测井仪器的研制提供思路。     

Fracture Characterization Using Borehole Radar: Numerical Modeling

Forward modeling of borehole radar data for a series of synthetic discrete-fracture network (DFN) models provides a conceptual framework for interpreting experimental field data at fractured rock sites. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) radar wave propagation model was developed for this purpose. Synthetic examples demonstrate the utility of single-hole reflection-mode and cross-hole transmission-mode borehole radar for (1) identification of fracture location and orientation, and (2) identification of fracture pore-fluid properties, which might change as a result of tracer tests or flooding exercises in support of resource development or site remediation. A two-dimensional, synthetic DFN was generated statistically based on hypothetical distributions of fracture length, orientation, aperture, permeability, and inter-connectivity. The DFN includes a zone of permeable fractures embedded within a network of lower-permeability fractures and a low-permeability rock matrix. We modeled the unconnected and non-permeable fractures as being filled with freshwater. To simulate tracer experiments, contaminant releases, or engineered-remediation processes, we considered alternately the inter-connected, permeable fractures to be filled with freshwater air, or saline water (tracer). Synthetic radar data sets for both single-hole reflection and cross-hole transmission modes were generated. The features in synthetic radargrams were then examined and compared to the DFN model to evaluate the likelihood of identifying fracture location, orientation, and pore fluid in field situations. This comparison demonstrates that (1) the replacement of freshwater with saline water in permeable fractures generally increases the amplitude of reflections from permeable, connected fractures; and (2) in general, radar reflection-mode data contains more information about fracture properties than transmission-mode data.