废旧锂电池的机械化学处理方法与机制

采用机械化学法处理废旧锂电池,选择性地回收金属锂,同时将钴转化为钴铁氧体（CoFe2O4）功能材料,并重点考察了不同供氯体和操作参数对Li回收率和Co转化率的影响。研究发现,共价类的供氯体不适于Li的回收和CoFe2O4的制备,离子类的供氯体具有高的反应活性,不仅可以促进Li的氯化,同时还可以保证Co完整地保留在反应残渣中转化为CoFe2O4。将LiCoO2与Fe粉和NaCl混磨,既可以保证将Li转化为水溶性的盐,又可以在球磨过程中将Co与Fe进行晶格重组,保存在球磨残渣中形成磁性功能材料。确立的最佳操作参数为：m（LiCoO2）：m（Fe）：m（NaCl）为1：2.5：5,球料比50：1,球磨转速600 r·min-1,时间12 h,此时Li回收率达到92%,Co与Fe保留在残渣中转化为CoFe2O4。对产物的晶相组成、形貌和磁性能进行表征发现,所得CoFe2O4结构紧密,具有良好的磁学性能,饱和磁化强度Ms为56.1 emu·g-1,剩余磁化强度Mr为25.8 emu·g-1,矫顽力Hc为1 165.3 Oe。本研究为废旧锂电池的资源化回收提供了一条清洁环保的新途径。     

Dry reforming of methane over oil palm shell activated carbon and ZSM-5 supported cobalt catalysts

In this study, cobalt supported oil palm shell activated carbon (Co/OPS-AC) and ZSM-5 zeolite (Co/ZSM-5) catalysts have been prepared for dry reforming of methane. Cobalt ratios of 6.0 and 14.0 wt% were deposited via wet impregnation method to the OPS-AC and ZSM-5 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption--desorption isotherms, BET surface area, SEM, FESEM-EDX, TPR-H₂, and TPD-NH₃. The dry reforming of methane was performed using a micro reactor system under the condition of 10,000 ml/h.g-cat, 3 atm, CH₄/CO₂ ratio of 1.2:1.0 and temperature range from 923 K to 1023 K. The gaseous products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and further quantified to determine the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂, and the yields of CO and H₂. Experimental results revealed both catalysts exhibited lower conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ with the increase in temperature from 923 K to 1023 K. The reduced conversions may be due to the formation of carboneous substance on the catalyst known as coking. Comparatively, Co/OPS-AC gave higher conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ as well as higher yields of H₂ and CO as it has a higher surface area than Co/ZSM-5 which subsequently rendered higher activity for the reforming of methane. With the increasing cobalt loadings and reaction temperature, OPS-AC(14) catalyst exhibited improved activity and H₂/CO ratio. Based on these results, cobalt supported OPS activated carbon catalyst was suggested to be more effective for CO₂ and CH₄ conversions.     

碳纳米管负载的非晶态CoP合金和金属Co对高毒气体PH3的催化分解

采用沉积-沉淀法和诱导-还原沉积法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)负载的金属Co和非晶态CoP合金,并将其应用于PH3分解反应.同时,通过XRD 、TEM、XPS、BET等一系列检测手段,对制备样品的相结构、形貌、组分和比表面积进行了表征.结果发现,反应过程中,Co/CNTs生成了高活性的金属磷化物CoP,而CoP/CNTs生成了CoP和Co2P两种金属磷化物.研究表明,Co/CNTs较CoP/CNTs显示出更高的催化活性和稳定性.高温还原预处理方式可提高Co/CNTs在PH3分解反应前期的活性,而低温还原的预处理方式有利于CoP/CNTs保持较高的催化活性,减轻样品的失活程度.     

分光光度法测定工业废水中的钴含量研究

通过试验确定了一种测定工业废水中钴含量的方法。考察入射波长、显色剂用量、干扰离子等因素对吸光度的影响;确定本法最佳测定波长为570 nm,显色剂最佳用量为1 mL;在废水中加入钴标准溶液进行测定,结果表明加标回收率在98.6%~105.60%之间,平均加标回收率为102.4%。该法灵敏度高、结果准确、检出限低、具有良好的精密度和准确度,是测定工业废水中钴含量的有效方法。     

Total cobalt determination in human blood and synovial fluid using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: method validation and evaluation of performance variables affecting metal hip implant patient samples

Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometric detection (ICP-MS) has been used for clinical analysis of cobalt (Co) due to its sensitivity and specificity; however, media-specific validation studies are lacking. This study provides data on performance variables affecting differences between selected analytical platforms (Perkin Elmer and Agilent), tissue sample preparation, storage, and interferences affecting measurements in whole blood, serum, and synovial fluid. The limits of detection (LOD) range from 0.2–0.5 µg/L in serum and synovial fluid, and 0.6–1.7 µg Co/L in whole blood. The Agilent platform with collision reaction cell is more sensitive, while the Perkin Elmer platform with dynamic reaction cell demonstrates more polyatomic interferences near the LOD for serum and whole blood. Split sample analysis showed good accuracy, precision, and reproducibility between serum Co measurements using acid digestion or detergent dilution preparations for persons with metal hip implants or following supplement intake. The results demonstrated reliability of the ICP-MS methodology across the two analytical platforms and between two commercial laboratories for Co concentrations above 5 µg Co/L, but digestion procedures and polyatomic interferences may affect measurements in some media at lower concentrations. These studies validate the described ICP-MS methodology for clinical purposes with precautions at low cobalt concentrations (<5 µg Co/L).     

从金属切削废料中回收镍和钴生产硫酸镍和氧化钴

以镍钴合金切削废料为原料，通过酸溶、除铁、除铬、镍钴分离等一系列步骤，回收镍和钴，生产硫酸镍和氯化钴，通过试验确定了最佳工艺条件，并对经济效益进行了分析。     

Chemical forms of cobalt and nickel extracted by M1,M3 and CaCl_2-DTPA

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从硬质合金处理渣中回收氧化钴

根据硫酸钠熔炼法处理废合金所得钴渣组成特点 ,通过氧化焙烧、酸分解、水解除杂、沉钴和煅烧等工序制取氧化钴。焙烧最佳工艺条件为 :NaNO3用量为钴渣量的 0 8倍 ,焙烧温度 75 0℃ ,时间 2 5h。盐酸分解、喷淋水解除铁、草酸铵沉钴和煅烧阶段钴的回收率 ( % )分别为 97 5、96 6、99 5和 99 0 ,使Co、Ta的回收率分别达到 92 78%和 85 %。     

从含钴废料中提取钴的研究进展

叙述了钴资源的分布概况，详细介绍了当前提取钴的方法与技术进展。我国作为钴资源缺乏的国家，提高钴的回收率是非常必要的。     

基于钴的磷酸盐离子选择性电极研究

文章以金属钴为基体,在其表面形成对磷酸二氢盐有良好电化学响应的氧化钴敏感膜,成功的制备了磷酸盐离子选择性电极。详细讨论了不同活化时间和不同活化溶液对磷酸盐检测的线性响应范围、响应斜率及检测限的影响。实验结果表明:该基于钴的磷酸盐离子选择性电极在0.025 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾的底液中,对磷酸二氢盐在10-4~10-1mol/L浓度范围内呈线性响应,其响应斜率为-48.27 mV/dec,检测限为2.27×10-5mol/L,相关系数R2为0.99。该电极具有良好的稳定性和重现性。已成功用于实际自来水样中磷酸二氢盐的检测,结果满意。