溶液中多种金属离子共存对毛木耳生物吸附能力的影响

用毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)菌丝体的死细胞作为生物吸附剂吸附溶液中的Cd 2+、Cu 2+和Pb 2+.用原子吸收分光光度计测定吸附前后溶液金属离子的变化,研究了溶液中两种离子共存对毛木耳吸附能力的影响.结果表明:溶液中Pb2+的存在抑制了毛木耳对Cd2+的吸附,是负向干扰;Cd2+的存在促进了毛木耳对pb2+的吸附,是正向干扰;Cu2+的存在促进了毛木耳对pb2+的吸附,是正向干扰;Pb2+的存在抑制了毛木耳对Cu2+的吸附,是负向干扰;Cd2+对Cu2+的影响作用不如Cu2+对Cd2+的影响明显.实验结果为毛木耳作为重金属污染废水的处理材料提供理论依据.     

An individual-based analysis of the dynamics of two coexisting phytoplankton species in the mixed layer

In marine ecosystems ecological and environmental conditions continuously change, possibly supporting the wide range of phytoplankton species coexisting in aquatic environments. Phytoplankton communities are not homogeneously distributed in the water column due to the spatial and temporal variability of turbulent mixing and the concurrent biological response. In this paper an individual-based model (Lagrangian method) simulating the basic physiology of two coexisting phytoplankton species has been developed. The species, sharing the same availability of light and nutrient resource, are characterized by different photo-physiological parameters. The spatial and temporal evolution of turbulent mixing is simulated introducing vertical profiles of measured eddy diffusivity. Three case studies have been examined to analyze the role of environment–individual interactions in determining bloom conditions for both the selected species. The organisms experience recurrent fluctuations of light, temperature, and nutrient concentration gradients, due to the turbulent mixing in the water column, which have significant effects on the growth of the phytoplankton species. In all the numerical experiments, the temporal and spatial variability of different forcings do not support the prevalence of one species over the other over the time scale typical of a phytoplankton bloom.A well mixed water column favours the growth of both the populations while a variable mixing regime limits their growth reducing the photophysiological differences between the species.     

Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on Cs+- and Sr2+-exchange in natural zeolite from Akita,Japan

Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on the adsorption of Cs⁺ and Sr²⁺ by Na-exchanged clinoptilolite-rich zeolite rock from Akita (Northern Japan) were performed for the purpose of nuclear waste treatment. The thermodynamic parameters such as selectivity coefficient, thermodynamic equilibrium constant, and standard free energy of exchange were evaluated. These values indicated that the selectivity order was determined as Cs⁺ > Na⁺ > Sr²⁺. In order to discuss the adsorption mechanism of Cs⁺ and Sr²⁺ onto Na-exchanged clinoptilolite, the effective diffusion coefficients were calculated and two kinetic models, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, were tested. For all systems studied, chemisorption seems significant in the rate-controlling step, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best correlation of the experimental data.     

Concentrations of various elements and inorganic ions in rice straw and ash

Various elements and inorganic ions in rice straw and ash samples were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) and ion chromatography (IC). Five major elements: Mg, Mn, Al, Ca, and Fe and eight minor and trace elements: Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, La, Sr, Ba, and Hg were detected in these samples, at more than ppm‐level. In ash samples the trace elements such as Y, As, V, Se, and Sc were also identified. The concentrations of SO₄, PO₄, Cl, Na, and K ions in these samples were higher than those of other ions measured. These elements and inorganic ion concentrations were approximately one order of magnitude higher in the ash than in the straw samples. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and library search showed the presence of fatty‐, carboxylic‐ and nicotinic acids, and their derivatives in small quantities in the straw samples.     

保定大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子质量浓度及粒径分布

为研究保定市大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的质量浓度水平、季节变化和粒径分布特征,于2010年8月—2011年8月利用Andersen分级采样器采集大气颗粒物样品,并用离子色谱分析其中的离子组成. 结果表明,细粒子(PM_2.1)中主要水溶性无机离子为SO₄2-、NO₃-和NH₄+,三者质量浓度平均值分别为23.18、21.99和11.44μg/m3;粗粒子(PM>2.1)中主要水溶性无机离子为NO₃-、Ca2+和SO₄2-,三者质量浓度平均值分别为10.60、10.39和10.14μg/m3. 细粒子中ρ(SO₄2-)、ρ(NO₃-)、ρ(NH₄+)、ρ(Cl-)和ρ(K+)的季节性变化相似,均为冬季>秋季>夏季>春季;粗粒子中ρ(NH₄+)、ρ(K+)和ρ(NO₃-)呈现出与细粒子不同的季节性变化趋势,ρ(NH₄+)和ρ(K+)均为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季,而ρ(NO₃-)则为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季. 粗、细粒子中ρ(Ca2+)和 ρ(Mg2+)的季节性变化特征相似,均为冬季最高、夏季最低. ρ(SO₄2-)、ρ(NO₃-)、ρ(Na+)和ρ(K+)均呈双峰分布,分别在＞0.43~1.1μm和＞4.7~5.8μm出现峰值; ρ(NH₄+)和ρ(Cl-)呈细模态单峰分布,在＞0.43~1.1μm出现峰值; ρ(Mg2+)和 ρ(Ca2+)呈粗模态单峰分布,在＞4.7~5.8μm出现峰值. 二次源和生物质燃烧是细粒子的主要来源,扬尘对粗粒子影响较大.      

田湾核电站室内氯离子来源解析

根据2005~2006年江苏田湾核电站大气吸收液(AAS)和总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中氯离子的一年数据,分析了室内外大气各种形态氯离子的分布特点及变化规律,并对过滤器性能进行了初步评价.结果表明:该站大气氯离子浓度大小依次为:室外吸收液>室内吸收液>室外TSP>室内TSP,年均值分别为28.12,19.20,4.22,0.11μg/m3.现有过滤器可以有效过滤室外总悬浮颗粒物,但对室外气体中氯离子的过滤效率仅为32%.相关性分析表明,室内外吸收液中氯离子浓度显著相关,相关性系数为0.859.因此,室内大气氯离子主要来源室外气态或微小气溶胶.     

磁性树脂对地下水中硝酸盐的去除效能及影响因素

利用小试实验研究了磁性离子交换树脂对水中硝酸盐的去除效能,并探讨了地下水中常见有机物及无机离子对其去除效能的影响.结果表明,磁性离子交换树脂对纯水中20mg/L的NO3--N的交换容量为55.91mg/mL,且去除速率较快,10min基本达到去除平衡;地下水中的腐殖酸类有机物对NO3--N的去除基本没有影响,而常见阴离子具有较明显的影响,其影响程度为SO42->CO32->Cl->HCO3-;针对徐州某水厂地下水的去除研究表明,通水倍数为500BV时磁性离子交换树脂对地下水中NO3--N的去除率约为50%左右.综上,磁性离子交换树脂可以作为去除地下水中的硝酸盐一种处理技术.     

负载镍有机蒙脱土体系对HIPS阻燃性能影响的研究

研究主要采用离子交换、溶液浸渍、球磨等方法制备负载镍有机蒙脱土体系,并采用熔融插层法制备PLS纳米复合材料,用锥形量热仪等试验仪器对材料的燃烧性能进行测试与评价。研究结果表明:采用离子交换法制备的负载镍有机蒙脱土体系能较好的降低复合材料的热释放速率,其阻燃作用比有机蒙脱土略好。通过对HIPS/负载镍有机蒙脱土复合材料燃烧后炭层的形貌及质量损失的分析与研究,推断其阻燃机理为镍催化HIPS在燃烧过程生成的炭与有机蒙脱土的插层结构共同起到了物理屏蔽阻燃作用。     

天然水体中亚硝酸根和硝酸根的光化学研究进展

综述了近年来亚硝酸根和硝酸根 (NO-2 /NO-3 )在天然水体中的环境光化学研究进展。重点介绍了NO-2 /NO-3 光解生成活性氧 (如羟基 )的机理及其影响因素 ,探讨了NO-2 /NO-3 光解引发天然水体中有机物反应的环境意义 ,并据此提出了本领域今后的研究方向     

高效离子色谱柱后衍生法测定环境水体中过渡金属离子含量

建立了可同时分析饮用水中铁、铜、镍、锌、钴、镉、锰等过渡金属离子的方法。优化后的离子色谱条件:选用 Dionex IonPac CS5A色谱柱(4 mm×250 mm),以7.0 mmol/L 吡啶-2,6-二羧酸＋66 mmol/L KOH＋74 mmol/L HCOOH＋5.6 mmol/L K₂SO₄为淋洗液,流速为1.2 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃;以0.5 mmol/L 4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚＋1.0 mol/L 2-二甲醇胺＋0.5 mol/L氨水＋0.3 mol/L NaHCO₃为衍生液,流速为0.7 mL/min,紫外检测器波长为520 nm。结果表明,该离子色谱柱对以上过渡金属具有很好的保留和分离效果,衍生后的紫外检测手段具有优异的灵敏度和选择性。该方法稳定性良好,连续进样5针的相对标准偏差均小于0.79%;标准曲线线性关系良好,r≥0.998 8;方法检出限低,Fe³⁺为0.8 μg/L,Fe²⁺为4 μg/L,Cu²⁺为0.8 μg/L,Ni²⁺为3 μg/L,Zn²⁺为2 μg/L,Co²⁺为0.9 μg/L,Cd²⁺为16 μg/L,Mn²⁺为6 μg/L;检测结果准确,低、中、高3个水平的加标回收率均大于91.5%。该方法适用于环境水体中过渡金属离子的定量分析。