从矿区土壤中筛选微生物对Pb^2＋、Zn^2＋吸附的研究

从铅锌矿区土壤中分离到12株细菌和10株真菌,通过其干菌体对Pb^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附试验,筛选出具有较强生物吸附能力的细菌菌株B6和真菌菌株F1。探讨了pH值、吸附时间、菌量和Pb^2＋、Zn^2＋的初始浓度对B6和F1菌株的吸附影响,结果表明：2株菌对Pb^2＋、Zn^2＋吸附是一个快速的过程,pH值为5.0-6.0是菌体吸附的较适范围。Pb^2＋、Zn^2＋初始浓度在150-300 mg/L内,B6和F1菌株吸附效果明显。当B6菌株的菌量超过0.1 g,F1菌株的菌量超过0.2 g后吸附率趋于平缓。应用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线研究,Langmuir吸附等温线更为适合模拟B6和F1菌株的吸附过程。B6和F1菌株吸附Pb^2＋、Zn^2＋的动力学过程都可以用准二级动力学方程进行描述。16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,B6菌株属于里拉微球菌（Micrococcus lylae）。用形态及理化特征鉴定,F1菌株属于镰刀霉菌属（Fusarium sp.）。     

改性沸石去除地下水中铁锰实验研究

测定了2种改性沸石的基本特性,并选取0.6 m层高的交换柱,通过动态试验,研究其分别用于除铁和除锰的工艺性能。实验结果表明,2种沸石质量全交换容量分别为578.2 mmol/kg和722.2 mmol/kg;产水水质均能达到饮用水标准：含铁量≤0.3 mg/L,含锰量≤0.1 mg/L;减少进水中铁锰含量（≤2 mg/L）和降低运行流速（≤20 m/h）,都有利于提高工作交换容量,但流速对除铁沸石影响较小;再生剂为1 mol/L的NaCl,再生速率1 m/h条件下,每升除铁沸石再生剂用量为1.2 L,洗脱率（再生废液中目标离子含量与原水中过滤时的去除量之比）达0.95,比耗（再生剂用量与工作交换容量之比）为16,每升除锰沸石再生剂用量为1.6 L,洗脱率达0.8,比耗为16。     

重金属捕集剂XL9对含铜电镀废水处理效果的研究

研究了含有二硫代氨基甲酸盐的重金属捕集剂XL9对2种不同浓度的含铜电镀废水处理的影响因素和效果。研究结果表明,处理pH为2.05、含铜584.79 mg/L的废水,可无需调节pH直接投加10 mL捕集剂,搅拌反应3 min,静置后其上清液中所含铜离子为0.24 mg/L,去除率达到99.96%,完全达到国家排放标准(GB8978-1996)。在pH 3～10范围内,投加0.20 mL捕集剂,对含铜4.16 mg/L的废水的去除率可达到94.95%以上,其出水浓度小于0.5 mg/L,达到国家排放标准。     

从矿区土壤中筛选微生物对Pb2+、Zn2+吸附的研究

从铅锌矿区土壤中分离到12株细菌和lO株真菌,通过其干菌体对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附试验,筛选出具有较强生物吸附能力的细菌菌株B6和真菌菌株F1.探讨了pH值、吸附时间、菌量和Pb2+、Zn2+的初始浓度对B6和F1菌株的吸附影响,结果表明:2株菌对Ph2+、Zn2+吸附是一个快速的过程,pH值为5.0～6.0是菌体吸附的较适范围.Pb2+、Zn2+初始浓度在150～300 mg/L内,B6和F1菌株吸附效果明显.当B6菌株的菌最超过0.1 g,F1菌株的菌量超过0.2 g后吸附率趋于平缓.应用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线研究,Langmuir吸附等温线更为适合模拟B6和F1菌株的吸附过程.B6和Fl菌株吸附Pb"、zn"的动力学过程都可以用准二级动力学方程进行描述.16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,B6菌株属于里拉微球菌(Micrococcus lylae).用形态及理化特征鉴定,F1菌株属于镰刀霉菌属(Fusarium sp.).     

Total fluorine, extractable organic fluorine, perfluorooctane sulfonate and other related fluorochemicals in liver of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) from South China

The concentrations of 10 PFCs (perfluorinated compounds: PFOS, PFHxS, PFOSA, N-EtFOSA, PFDoDA, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA, PFOA, and PFHpA) were measured in liver samples of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) (n = 10) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) (n = 10) stranded in Hong Kong between 2003 and 2007. PFOS was the dominant PFC in the tissues at concentrations ranging at 26-693 ng/g ww in dolphins and 51.3-262 ng/g ww in porpoises. A newly developed combustion ion chromatography for fluorine was applied to measure total fluorine (TF) and extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in these liver samples to understand PFC contamination using the concept of mass balance analysis. Comparisons between the amounts of known PFCs and EOF in the livers showed that a large proportion (∼70%) of the organic fluorine in both species is of unknown origin. These investigations are critical for a comprehensive assessment of the risks of these compounds to humans and other receptors.     

Ion activity and distribution of heavy metals in acid mine drainage polluted subtropical soils

The oxidative dissolution of mine wastes gives rise to acidic, metal-enriched mine drainage (AMD) and has typically posed an additional risk to the environment. The poly-metallic mine Dabaoshan in South China is an excellent test site to understand the processes affecting the surrounding polluted agricultural fields. Our objectives were firstly to investigate metal ion activity in soil solution, distribution in solid constituents, and spatial distribution in samples, secondly to determine dominant environment factors controlling metal activity in the long-term AMD-polluted subtropical soils. Soil Column Donnan Membrane Technology (SC-DMT) combined with sequential extraction shows that unusually large proportion of the metal ions are present as free ion in the soil solutions. The narrow range of low pH values prevents any pH effects during the binding onto oxides or organic matter. The differences in speciation of the soil solutions may explain the different soil degradation observed between paddy and non-paddy soils.     

含铜废水处理技术现状

含铜废水主要来源于工业生产过程,如不经过适当处理排入环境,将给环境带来极大危害。含铜废水的主要处理方法有化学沉淀法、离子交换法、电解法等。由于各生产过程不同,废水中铜的存在状态与价态都各有差异,对于不同类型含铜废水的处理应依据废水性质,选用不同工艺或工艺组合对废水进行处理,以满足排放标准的要求。同时在处理含铜废水时,应考虑处理后出水的回用和废水中铜的资源化问题。     

氯离子含量对循环半干法烟气脱硫装置操作参数的影响

通过循环半干法烟气脱硫技术在巨宏热电厂135MW机组上的应用,研究了终产物中氯离子含量对操作参数的影响。结果表明：随着终产物中氯离子含量的增加,脱硫效率明显上升,趋近绝热饱和温度提高,布袋除尘器的喷吹周期缩短。     

重金属离子天然吸附剂的解吸与再生

总结了重金属离子的天然吸附剂的解吸与再生的研究进展.着重论述了各类解吸剂的解吸原理、解吸特点和解吸性能.指出无机酸解吸剂是价廉高效的理想解吸剂,其中盐酸可在低浓度下达到较高的解吸率,且对吸附剂性能没有损害,而强碱溶液是以阴离子基团形式存在的Cr~(6+)的专有解吸剂.在解吸过程中采用超声波或微波有助于提高解吸率.多数天然吸附剂都具有良好的再生能力,经5次吸附-解吸循环操作仍能保持原有的吸附性能.     

电化学水处理技术的研究和应用

介绍了电化学技术的分类,总结了电化学技术在处理有机废水、重金属离子废水和氨氮废水方面的研究及应用现状,并指出了该技术在目前的应用中所存在的一些问题,探讨了今后的发展方向。