认知心理学视角下矿工的信息加工模型研

矿工在煤矿井下的生产过程是对外界信息的加工处理过程。矿工能否正确处理外界刺激,将直接产生安全或不安全行为,影响煤矿安全生产,甚至引发重大事故。在认知心理学视角下,应用感觉、注意和记忆理论对矿工行为的形成机制进行分析,建立矿工信息加工模型,并对模型的特点和作用进行分析,同时指出该模型存在的不足。信息加工模型的建立与分析可为安全管理措施的制定及安全培训内容及环节的设计提供理论依据。     

A multicriteria approach for mapping risks of agricultural pollution for water resources: The Venice Lagoon watershed case study

A multicriteria analysis system was developed for producing risk maps of agricultural pollution due to alternative cultivation systems in the Watershed of the Lagoon of Venice (WLV) in Italy. Results of a field-scale simulation model for agricultural diffuse pollution were used to compile a matrix of environmental impacts, in terms of pollution indices. The most widespread combinations of typical environments (as defined by combinations of soil and climate variables) and alternative land uses (types of crops and cultivation systems) were described in the impact matrix. Land use in terms of crop distribution was based on census data. Two alternative cultivation systems were defined on the basis of the recent changes to the European Common Agricultural Policy: ordinary and eco-compatible. The effects of alternative scenarios were evaluated in terms of pollution risks for water resources. The evaluation procedure was built into the framework of a geographical information system to take into account the spatial features of pollution phenomena, vulnerability of the land and risk for water resources. The results demonstrated the great potential of eco-compatible practices for reducing the risks for surface and groundwater (−15 and −50%, respectively).     

震后城市地震动场快速评估系统研究

震后灾情的快速评估是政府救灾的主要决策依据,而烈度的快速评估是其基础。本文在ArcGIS二次开发的基础上提出了一套城市震后烈度快速评估系统,并以福州市为例介绍了该系统的功能。首先,根据具有跨平台运行能力的实时数据接收程序,将福州强震台网所记录到的地震数据文件导入本系统,再利用福州地区各类场地的地震动放大因子β,经过本系统自行编制的计算程序的快速处理,可以在1～2分钟的时间内得到福州地区的地震烈度分布图及加速度等值线分布图;另外,如果强震台没有得到强震记录,依靠中国地震台网中心发布的地震震源参数信息,同样可以进行烈度快速评估。     

减灾民用产品开发的可行性研究——以地震安全图动态查询公共系统为例

以地震安全图实时制作与动态查询公共系统开发的必要性与可行性为例,阐述了社会对“自然灾害与安全信息民用产品”的需求,以及它对提高减灾实效、推动灾害与信息科学发展水平的作用。同时介绍了海口市地震安全图实时制作与动态查询公共系统的功能、制作方法和社会用户群体的分析。     

工业噪声对脑认知影响的功率谱估计分析

为明确工业噪声对大脑认知的负面影响,采集火电厂球磨机的工业噪声,征集10名在校大学生在90 dB(A)的稳态工业噪声状态下及安静状态下的32导联脑电图(EEC).采用傅里叶变换方法进行频域分析,提取δ频段、θ频段、α1频段、α2频段和β频段功率谱,并进行统计分析.结果 表明:噪声环境与静音环境相比较,被试在δ频段、θ频...     

Summer total phosphorus in lakes: A map of Minnesota,Wisconsin, and Michigan,USA

A map of summer total phosphorus in lakes has been compiled for Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan to clarify regional patterns in attainable lake trophic state. Total phosphorus was used as a measure of lake trophic state because: (1) phosphorus plays a central role in controlling the overall fertility of most lakes, (2) total phosphorus values are available for a great number of lakes, and (3) phosphorus is measured in a consistent manner. The maps were compiled using patterns of total phosphorus data and observed associations between these data and geographic characteristics including physiography, land use, geology, and soils. Regions depicted on the map represent areas of similarity in phosphorus concentrations in lakes, or similarity in the mosaic of values, as compared to adjacent areas. Within each region, differences in total phosphorus can be compared to natural and anthropogenic factors to determine the types of lakes representative of each region, the factors associated with differences in quality, and the realistically attainable phosphorus levels for each type of lake.     

隐喻机制下的英语一词多义现象

隐喻是人类普遍存在的一种思维方式,也是一词多义现象产生的一个重要因素.英语中的一词多义现象就是人类通过认知手段由一个词的中心意义或基本意义向其它意义的延伸,隐喻认知对多义词的形成起着无可替代的作用,本文就英语的一词多义现象,提出英语教师在教学过程中应当重视培养和提高学生外语学习中的"隐喻能力".     

云南省热区农业气候、土地资源图的编制

本文采用农业气候分类与土地特征(地貌、坡度)分级相结合的方法编制云南省热区图。这是用一张图,在同一块图斑上同时表示出农业气候和土地两种专业内容特征;按土地和气候的本来面目分型划类,并量算出各类型分区域的土地面积。这是一次新的尝试,以期使科学性和实用性能较好地结合起来。     

试论根据土壤生产潜力及土地利用强度评价土地利用合理性问题——以加拿大渥太华市郊为例

土地利用的合理性取决于土地利用强度是否与土壤生产潜力相适宜。土地利用强度等级与土壤生产潜力级别的一致性是一地区土地利用合理性的标志。依据作物系统编制的农业土地利用系统图较传统的土地覆盖图有更大的实用性。可利用该图与土壤生产潜力图迭加制成的农业资源分区图来分析1978—1987年渥太华市郊土地利用的合理性。结果指出,渥太华市郊土地利用方式基本上是合理的,变化趋势也是适宜的,但同时有不足之处,建议当地市政当局对某些不合理的土地利用方式做相应调整。     

Environmental Assessment of Water, Sediment and Plants in the Mankyeong River, ROK

This study was carried out to evaluate water quality, sediment and plant vegetation in eight tributaries of the Mankyeong River for enhancement of natural purification. Among the tributaries, the Iksancheon water had the highest concentration of BOD, T–N and NH₄–N due to inflow of swine wastes from the livestock district. The Yucheon water had the highest level of electrical conductivity and SO ₄ ^2– due to inflow of mis-treated wastewater from industrial districts. The Tabcheon had generally similar concentrations of nitrogen and phosphate to that of the upstream of the Mankyeong River: agricultural activity along the Tabcheon appeared to have little negative influence to the water quality. Among various sediments, concentration of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphate were high in the Iksancheon and the Yucheon due to the livestock wastes and industrial wastes. There were 282 species of plants during summer with 43 aquatic plants, 57 hydrophytes, 178 waterside plants and 4 terrestrial plants. Some plant resources were recommended due to much absorption of nitrogen and phosphate for enhancement of natural purification. C. demersum and H. verticillata were recommended in the submerged aquatic plants, H. dubia, N. indica and N. subinteperrimum in the floating leaf aquatic plants, P. communis, Z. latifolia and T. orientalis in the emerged aquatic plants, C. scutata and P. distichum in the waterside plants.