The road map for green development of Western China

China has made some remarkable achievements in sustainable development,but the constant deterioration of the overall trend of the environment has not yet been effectively curbed.To achieve the goal of sustainable development,we must first ensure coordination and coherence of national development goals in different areas and adhere to green development road.To achieve the objectives related to green development,and to clarify the direction of green development in the next 20years,a road map is needed to guide and coordinate the process.This paper describes the concept of the green development road map,introduces a green development road map for the western region,and further elaborates it The road map clarifies the objectives and guiding principles of green development in the western region,points the areas that deserve more concern and institutional innovation,and builds a green development monitoring and evaluation(M&E)framework.Finally,the paper provides corresponding policy recommendations based on the established road map.     

辽宁省煤矿瓦斯赋存构造控制规律与瓦斯分带划分

瓦斯赋存规律认识不清,是导致煤矿瓦斯突出灾害频发的根本原因。应用瓦斯赋存地质构造逐级控制理论,结合辽宁省煤矿瓦斯地质图编制资料,分析了全省瓦斯赋存构造控制规律,进行了瓦斯分带划分。研究结果表明:印支运动(主幕),在形成一系列EW向、NE向和NW向断裂褶皱带过程中,煤体破坏,形成构造煤。燕山运动,形成了一系列NNE向、NE向的褶皱和逆冲推覆构造,与EW向构造相叠加,构造应力集中,有利于瓦斯突出;同时,岩浆侵入煤系地层使煤变质程度增高,生烃能力增强。喜马拉雅运动时期,挤压作用逐步被拉张取代,拉张裂隙作用有利于瓦斯部分释放。将辽宁省煤矿瓦斯赋存分布划分4个高突瓦斯带,即阜新-铁岭高突瓦斯带、抚顺-沈北高突瓦斯带、北票-南票高突瓦斯带和红阳-本溪高突瓦斯带。     

减灾民用产品开发的可行性研究——以地震安全图动态查询公共系统为例

以地震安全图实时制作与动态查询公共系统开发的必要性与可行性为例,阐述了社会对“自然灾害与安全信息民用产品”的需求,以及它对提高减灾实效、推动灾害与信息科学发展水平的作用。同时介绍了海口市地震安全图实时制作与动态查询公共系统的功能、制作方法和社会用户群体的分析。     

我国东部七省生态系统对酸沉降的相对敏感性

讨论了影响亚热带生态系统对酸沉降敏感性的生态因子，提出了敏感性等级划分的指标体系，根据大量资料编制了我国东部７省１市生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性分区图。结果表明，在研究区域内生态系统的敏感性有相当大的差别，极敏感区和敏感区面积占全区总面积的１／３以上，主要分布在福建、浙江、江西３省。     

基于C#与Surfer Automation完成大气污染扩散等值线自动化生成

等值线图绘制是大气扩散研究工作中的一项重要内容。基于C#编程技术,通过Surfer Active X Automation接口技术,在程序中实现了对Surfer等值线图绘制各方法和属性的调用,完成了等值线图的程序化批量绘制,并应用此技术实现了大气污染扩散的动态演示。该技术的运用使得大批量规格化绘制等值线图、向量图等变得简单易行,有助于提高研究人员的工作效率。     

High-resolution inventory of NO emissions from agricultural soils over the Ile-de-France region

Arable soils are a significant source of nitric oxide (NO), a precursor of tropospheric ozone, and thereby contribute to ozone pollution. However, their actual impact on ozone formation is strongly related to their spatial and temporal emission patterns, which warrant high-resolution estimates.Here, we combined an agro-ecosystem model and geo-referenced databases to map these sources over the 12 000 km² administrative region surrounding Paris, France, with a kilometric level resolution. The six most frequent arable crop species were simulated, with emission rates ranging from 1.4 kg N-NO ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ to 11.1 kg N-NO ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The overall emission factor for fertilizer-derived NO emissions was 1.7%, while background emissions contributed half of the total NO efflux. Emissions were strongly seasonal, being highest in spring due to fertilizer inputs. They were mostly sensitive to soil type, crops' growing season and fertilizer N rates.     

A multicriteria approach for mapping risks of agricultural pollution for water resources: The Venice Lagoon watershed case study

A multicriteria analysis system was developed for producing risk maps of agricultural pollution due to alternative cultivation systems in the Watershed of the Lagoon of Venice (WLV) in Italy. Results of a field-scale simulation model for agricultural diffuse pollution were used to compile a matrix of environmental impacts, in terms of pollution indices. The most widespread combinations of typical environments (as defined by combinations of soil and climate variables) and alternative land uses (types of crops and cultivation systems) were described in the impact matrix. Land use in terms of crop distribution was based on census data. Two alternative cultivation systems were defined on the basis of the recent changes to the European Common Agricultural Policy: ordinary and eco-compatible. The effects of alternative scenarios were evaluated in terms of pollution risks for water resources. The evaluation procedure was built into the framework of a geographical information system to take into account the spatial features of pollution phenomena, vulnerability of the land and risk for water resources. The results demonstrated the great potential of eco-compatible practices for reducing the risks for surface and groundwater (−15 and −50%, respectively).     

基于文献计量学的“十三五”生态环境监测研究热点分析

利用科学计量与可视化相关工具,以《中文核心期刊要目总览(2017年版)》27种环境科学类核心期刊发表的2016—2020年生态环境监测论文数据为基础,从载文量分布、高被引论文、高产机构分布和技术主题分布等方面分析了"十三五"期间我国生态环境监测研究热点。结果表明:"十三五"期间生态环境监测论文数量有所增加,主要载文期刊分布于《环境科学》《中国环境监测》《环境科学与技术》;主要发文机构是中国环境科学研究院、中国环境监测总站、中国科学院大学;排名前10位的技术主题词分别是PM_(2.5)、重金属、土壤、污染特征、颗粒物、挥发性有机物、生态风险、臭氧、沉积物、多环芳烃,结合"十三五"前期和中后期热点主题词变化分析了生态环境监测研究关注点的变化趋势。     

基于CBERS-2B卫星数据的《桂林城区环境监测影像地图》研制与应用

基于中巴CBERS-2B卫星影像,分析环境监测对影像地图的需求,探讨制作《桂林城区环境监测影像地图》的方法。在影像地图制作中,以GPS的SBAS信号定位,采用WGS84坐标系统,对道路河流等矢量层和监测专题要素层作了专门处理,还讨论了卫星影像在城区环境监测中的应用,探索环境监测遥感影像专题地图的特点、方法、技术难点和需注意的一些问题。     

雨季冲击条件下活性污泥呼吸图谱的变化

通过模型实验考察了雨季合流污水水量冲击以及冲击过后恢复初始状态过程中活性污泥的呼吸图谱变化规律。结果表明：雨季冲击下好氧池污泥浓度降幅较自、异养菌呼吸速率大;异养菌呼吸速率降幅较自养菌大。而COD去除率降幅小,NH4+-N去除率降幅大,与自养菌、异养菌呼吸速率的降幅不一致。表明异养菌虽受冲击影响较大,但因其所占污泥比例仍较大,COD处理的缓冲能力大;自养菌占污泥比例较小,虽受冲击的影响较小,但对NH4+-N处理的缓冲能力较小;另一方面,大雨冲击下自养菌呼吸比例上升10%,异养菌呼吸比例下降6%,表明在冲击过程中污泥中微生物结构有小幅变化。