Monitoring Air Quality in Mountains: Designing an Effective Network

A quantitatively robust yet parsimonious air-quality monitoring network in mountainous regions requires special attention to relevant spatial and temporal scales of measurement and inference. The design of monitoring networks should focus on the objectives required by public agencies, namely: 1) determine if some threshold has been exceeded (e.g., for regulatory purposes), and 2) identify spatial patterns and temporal trends (e.g., to protect natural resources). A short-term, multi-scale assessment to quantify spatial variability in air quality is a valuable asset in designing a network, in conjunction with an evaluation of existing data and simulation-model output. A recent assessment in Washington state (USA) quantified spatial variability in tropospheric ozone distribution ranging from a single watershed to the western third of the state. Spatial and temporal coherence in ozone exposure modified by predictable elevational relationships ( 1.3 ppbv ozone per 100 m elevation gain) extends from urban areas to the crest of the Cascade Range. This suggests that a sparse network of permanent analyzers is sufficient at all spatial scales, with the option of periodic intensive measurements to validate network design. It is imperative that agencies cooperate in the design of monitoring networks in mountainous regions to optimize data collection and financial efficiencies.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定海河下游水中痕量镉

原子吸收光谱法直接测定高盐水中痕量镉时，有很大背景吸收和误差。本文采用络合—萃取技术使共存元素与待测元素分离，既消除了基体干扰，又达到了富集作用，使测定结果准确可靠。     

水质中高浓度挥发酚的预测

提出一种以溴水预测法确定高浓度挥发酚稀释倍数 ,为高浓度水样提供了一种科学准确的操作分析方法。简单快速 ,并能确保高浓度挥发酚水样分析的可靠性与成功性 ,具有很大的应用和推广价值     

固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的重金属元素

研究了用固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中痕量重金属镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的方法。环境水样中的镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞用四 -(对二甲氨基苯基 ) -卟啉 (T4 -DMAPP)柱前衍生 ,用C18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的T4 -DMAPP络合物 ,富集倍数为 1 0 0倍 ,然后用甲醇和四氢呋喃梯度洗脱为流动相 ,WatersXter raTMRP18( 3 9mm× 1 5 0mm)色谱柱为固定相分离 ,用二极管矩阵检测器检测。镍、铜、银、铅、镉和汞的检测限分别为3、2、4、3、1 5ng/L和 3ng/L。方法相对标准偏差为 1 8%— 3 2 % ,标准回收率为 92 %— 1 0 7%。该方法用于测定环境水样中的痕量重金属 ,结果令人满意     

微波高压络合消解石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境空气中锑

用有机滤膜采集空气中颗粒物样品,用微波高压络合消解后制成样品溶液。用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法可确定样品溶液中锑的浓度。该方法具有对有机滤膜和样品消解完全,省时,无损失,灵敏度高,准确度、精密度好等特点。     

Multipoint source method in air pollution modelling of cold start emission

The paper presents a new method of air pollution modelling on a micro scale. For estimation of concentration of car exhaust pollutants, each car is treated as an instantaneous moving emission source. This approach enables us to model time and spatial changes of emission, especially during cold and cool start of an engine. These stages of engine work are a source of significant pollution concentration in urban areas. In this work, two models are proposed: one for the estimation of emission after cold start of the engine and another for the prediction of pollutant concentration. The first model (defined for individual exhaust gas pollutants) enables us to calculate the emission as a function of time after the cold or cool start, ambient temperature and average speed of motion. This model uses the HBEFA database. The second mathematical model is developed in order to calculate the pollutant dispersion and concentrations. The finite volume method is applied to discretise the set of partial differential equations describing wind flow and pollutant dispersion in the domain considered. Models presented in this paper can be called short-term models on a small spatial scale. The results of numerical simulation of pollutant emission and dispersion are also presented.     

阳离子共聚物的反相悬浮聚合

采用反相悬浮聚合方法合成颗粒状的阳离子型高分子絮凝剂。选用丙烯酰胺(Am)和氯化[N,N,N-三甲基乙醇丙烯酸酯]盐(AQ)两种单体,研究反应体系的特征及影响分子量的基本因素,诸如温度、单体浓度、引发剂浓度、分散剂浓度、水相和油相的体积比(Vw/Vo)对分子量的影响。为了选择出最佳原料比,本文对两种单体的原料比进行了研究。实验中还发现亚硫酸钠是一种优良的缩短反应诱导期、加速反应进程的试剂。     

钢门框型材冷弯成形工艺

介绍了不对称钢门框型材孔型设计中工艺参数、变形方式的选择方法     

西部干旱半干旱地区水资源再生利用分析

结合西部干旱半干旱地区的地域特点、水文特征和水资源开发利用状况，分析论述了该地区水资源短缺与水污染加剧这一矛盾所决定的西部地区水资源开发利用的特点及其对地区经济发展的制约，认为水资源的再生利用是解决西部地区水资源危机的一条有效途径。以城市污水为再生水源，根据该区域特点，提出了西部干旱半干旱地区水资源再生利用的研究内容。     

高浓印染废水处理工程的设计审计与运行结果分析

通过对漂染厂生产工艺过程及排废状况进行审计研究，提出了有针对性的废水处理工艺流程，区别对待废水浓度、污染物成分、化学作用及其工艺原理，实现了废水处理各工艺段的适配与综合节能的协调，在保证废水高效达标处理的前提下使工程优化