青藏高原多年冻土区铁路路堤变形特征研究

路堤的稳定是公路、铁路等行车安全的保证。路堤变形通过路基—轨道—车辆大系统的相互作用而影响行车安全。冻胀、融沉是多年冻土地区路堤变形的重要形式。多年冻土区的路基变形问题是至今仍未彻底解决的一大难题。青藏铁路穿越 5 5 0km多年冻土区 ,为研究多年冻土区路堤变形特征 ,笔者对青藏铁路某试验段进行变形监测并对监测数据进行分析。结果表明铁路路堤的修建改变了多年冻土原来的水热平衡 ,天然冻土上限的变化导致路堤产生变形。同时 ,变形特征还受路堤边坡的坡向、降水量和地基土类型等因素的制约。在此基础上 ,提出几点减少多年冻土区铁路路堤变形的一些看法和建议。     

石灰凝胶阻化剂防灭火技术在高硫矿的应用研究

在分析现有凝胶阻化剂防灭火机理的基础上 ,笔者针对我国高硫煤矿采空区发火特点 ,研制出石灰凝胶阻化剂的配方 ,并对其防灭火机理进行了详细探讨 ,确定了喷洒该种阻化剂的工艺过程及其应注意的问题。根据现场试验的测定数据表明 ,石灰凝胶阻化剂对高硫煤矿的防灭火效果好     

关于改善石家庄市空气质量的建议

针对电力和供热导致石家庄市空气污染严重的问题，结合该市目前的电力和供热现状，提出了减少污染的措施及建议，希望对改善该市空气质量起到促进作用。     

现代化工分离技术在环境保护中的应用

介绍了高效导向筛板、新型高效填料、超临界流体萃取等现代化工分离技术及其在清洁生产和废物处理方面的应用。     

磁分离技术在我国废水处理中的研究进展

本文介绍了磁分离技术的基本原理、分离方法和设备，综述了该技术在某些特定废水处理中的应用现状。磁分离技术的实际应用具有分离效率高、分离速度快、选择性好、处理对象广、成本低廉、分离物系的粒度可达到很小，并且不受处理体系的温度、密度、酸碱度限制等优点，可以使某些采用传统分离方法较难或不能分离的物系得以顺利地分离，有较为广泛的应用前景。     

Societal Concerns about Pork and Pork Production and Their Relationships to the Production System

Pork producers in Western Europe moreand more encounter a variety of societalconcerns about pork and pork production. Sofar, however, producers predominantly focusedon low consumer prices, therewith addressingjust one concern. This resulted in an intensiveand large-scale production system, decreasinglyrelated to the area of farm land, andaccompanied with increasing concerns aboutsafety and healthiness of pork, animal welfare,environmental pollution, and others.An overview was given of possible concernsabout West-European pork production with theconsumers, citizens, and producers, and thoseconcerns are traced back to the pork productionsystem. The various kinds and qualities ofinformation about the pork production system onwhich possible concerns are based have beenworked out extensively in this paper. Knowledgeabout the aspects of pork production that cangive rise to concerns can be used in two ways.First, the communication about those aspectstowards consumers and citizens can be adjustedor extended to give them better possibilitiesto make food choices or to develop their ownopinions about pork production. Second,producers could change the pork productionsystem such that it better satisfies consumersand citizens. Such adaptations are wellpossible, as three pork quality schemes, whichhave been evaluated, illustrate. However, mostof these adaptations can only be carried out atthe cost of the present low consumer prices andwill not occur spontaneously on a large scale.Therefore, accounting for the type andrelevance of the concerns, legislation isnecessary to address societal concerns in abalanced way such that pork production systemsbecome acceptable for the majority of oursociety.     

QUALITY OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA IN COLD REGIONS1

ABSTRACT: Many users of hydrometeorological records are not aware of the number of inconsistencies and biases that occur in hydrometeorological records. Examples are presented illustrating how the exposures of sites for measurement of precipitation, wind, snow on the ground, and evaporation determine to a large extent how useful the records are for estimating areal conditions. For areas where precipitation in the form of snow produces a significant portion of the runoff, a smaller number of quality records may be more valuable for modeling than a much larger number of records of lower quality. Information is presented to show that the overall value of an operational hydrometeorological network is dependent upon how consistent and representative of average conditions the collected records are, especially for mountainous areas in cold regions.     

高层建筑物附近架空高压输电线路的走廊问题

采用镜像法实例计算了高层建筑物附近架空高压输电线路的工频电场和无线电干扰场强，并从电磁环评的角度对输电线路走廊的选择提出了一些建议。     

工程安全与工程安全人才培养

在当今人类社会,工程安全已成为威胁人类生存和发展的重大问题。工程安全事故因工程的固有属性而具有诱发原因的复杂性、客观表现的长期性和内在因素的关联性。工程安全事故产生的根本原因之一是人员的工程行为违背了工程安全的客观规律。在现代工程系统中,高级工程技术人员的工程行为对工程安全具有至关重要的影响,而高级工程技术人员的工程行为又与其接受的高等工程教育密切相关。从工程安全的角度审视我国现行高等工程教育,无论在人才培养的结构上,还是在人才培养的内容和方法上都存在诸多问题,改革的重点在于要将工程安全素质纳入工程人才的培养目标并建立与之相适应的工程人才培养模式,更新缺乏现代工程科学技术知识的课程体系和教学内容,创新注重工程安全实践训练的方法和培养途径。     

煤气管道带气抽堵盲板、开孔接管中的安全技术

生产或使用煤气的工业企业常常需要带气抽堵盲板和开孔接管作业。此类特殊作业存在中毒、着火、爆炸的危险性，为了安全、高效地实施此类作业，本文结合企业15年安全作业的实践，系统地总结了作业的方案制定、主要准备工作、作业过程的控制等方面措施和内容，并总结了相关安全技术问题的一些做法和体会。