Advanced driver assistance systems for teen drivers: A national survey of teen and parent perceptions

Abstract

Objective: Recently developed advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to compensate for teen driving errors and reduce overall crash risk. To date, very limited research has been conducted on the suitability of ADAS for teen drivers—the population most likely to benefit from such systems. The opportunity for ADAS to reduce the frequency and severity of crashes involving teen drivers is hindered when there is a lack of trust, acceptance, and use of those technologies. Therefore, there is a need to study teen and parent perceptions of ADAS to help identify and overcome any potential barriers to ADAS use.

Methods: A U.S. national survey was developed based on themes from previously conducted teen and parent ADAS focus groups. Survey topics included trust in ADAS, effect of ADAS on teen driver safety and driving behavior, effect of ADAS on skill development, data privacy, and cybersecurity. Responses included 5-point Likert scales and open-ended questions. The survey was managed through an online respondent panel by ResearchNow. Eligibility criteria included licensed teens (16–19 years) and parents of licensed teens. Teen and parent responses were compared using chi-square statistics in SAS 9.4.

Results: Two thousand and three (teens?=?1,000; parents?=?1,003) respondents qualified for and completed the survey between September 1 and September 20, 2017. Overall, teens (72%) and parents (61%) felt that ADAS would have a positive impact on transportation. However, teens were more likely to exhibit a positive outlook on ADAS, whereas parents were more likely to have a negative outlook (P?<?.01). Teens felt that ADAS would be useful during bad weather or drowsy driving but were less concerned than parents about ADAS intervention during their own risky driving (P?<?.01). The majority of teens (65%) and parents (71%) agreed that teens should learn to drive on vehicles without ADAS, with parents being more likely to agree than teens (P?<?.01). Parents (55%) were more likely than teens (47%) to be concerned about insurance companies keeping track of teen driving data (P?<?.01). Most respondents exhibited some concern of ADAS being susceptible to hacking (57%).

Conclusions: This study represents the first effort to quantify ADAS perceptions among teen drivers and their parents at the U.S. national level. These data highlight potential barriers to ADAS use among teen drivers, including a relative disinterest among teens for ADAS intervention during risky driving as well as concerns among both teens and parents that ADAS will inhibit skill development. These survey findings will help inform educational programs to accelerate fleet turnover and provide the foundation for ADAS optimization and evaluation studies among sociodemographic groups.     

基于多元子代理模块系统(MAS)的单司机值乘驾驶安全可靠性研究

介绍并分析影响单司机值乘驾驶安全可靠性的因素,强调单司机值乘人-机-环境系统安全性中人行为的重要性,提出利用MAS模型对单司机值乘的安全可靠性进行分析。介绍该模型的标定过程,给出其驾驶行为的安全可靠度和Agent模型结合在一起来确定司机决策行为的过程和方法。为提高我国单司机值乘驾驶安全性提供了一种研究方法。     

The relation of non-culpable traffic incidents to bus drivers' celeration behavior

PROBLEM: The driver celeration behavior theory predicts that celerations are associated with incidents for which the driver has some responsibility in causing, but not other incidents. METHOD: The hypothesis was tested in 25 samples of repeated measurements of bus drivers' celeration behavior against their incidents for two years. RESULTS: The results confirmed the prediction; in 18 samples, the correlation for culpable incidents only was higher than for all incidents, despite the higher means of the latter. Non-culpable incidents had correlations close to zero with celeration. DISCUSSION: It was pointed out that most individual crash prediction studies have not made this differentiation, and thus probably yielded underestimates of the associations sought, although the effect is not strong, due to non-culpable accident involvements being few (less than a third of the total). The methods for correct identification of culpable incident involvements were discussed.     

驾驶员自身因素对限速标志识别能力的影响分析

以研究城市道路限速标志下驾驶行为的变化为主要目的,基于认知心理学知识,采用实地观测和问卷调查等手段,研究了驾驶员经过限速标志时的心理及反应过程。依据认知工效学中的注意和记忆等机制对驾驶员的限速标志认知过程进行了解析;从驾驶员自身角度分析了影响驾驶员识别限速标志的主要因素;利用因子分析方法对调查数据和调查项目进行统计分析;最终提取了影响驾驶员识别限速标志的6个自身因素为主因子,作为限速标志对驾驶行为影响较大的因素。该研究结果可为城市道路限速标志的设计与设置提供科学依据。     

Factors related to seat belt use among fatally injured teenage drivers

PROBLEM: In the United States, teenage drivers have a higher crash risk and lower observed seat belt use than other age groups. METHOD: Seat belt use was examined for teenage (16-19 years) drivers who were fatally injured in traffic crashes occurring in the United States during the years 1995-2000. Vehicle, driver, and crash factors potentially related to belt use were examined. State differences in belt use rates among fatally injured teenage drivers were related to states' observed belt use rates for all ages and other state-level variables. RESULTS: During 1995-2000, mean belt use was 36% among fatally injured teenage drivers and 23% among fatally injured teenage passengers. One of the strongest predictors of higher belt use for both drivers and passengers was whether the crash occurred in a state with a primary seat belt law. Belt use rates for 1995-2000 for fatally injured teenage drivers ranged from 20% or less in six states to more than 60% in two states. States with the highest use rates were those with strong primary belt use laws and those with high rates of observed belt use for all ages. Lower belt use among fatally injured teenage drivers was associated with increasing age; male drivers; drivers of SUVs, vans, or pickup trucks rather than cars; older vehicles; crashes occurring late at night; crashes occurring on rural roadways; single vehicle crashes; and drivers with BACs of 0.10 or higher. Teenage driver belt use declined as the number of teenage passengers increased, but increased in the presence of at least one passenger 30 years or older. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC SAFETY: It is suggested that to increase teenage belt use, states should enact strong primary belt use laws and mount highly publicized efforts to enforce these laws. Graduated driver licensing systems should incorporate strong provisions that require seat belt use by teenage drivers and passengers.     

Graduated driver licensing research in 2003 and beyond

This paper updates the comprehensive summary of graduated driver licensing (GDL) published in the January 2003 special issue of the Journal of Safety Research. It summarizes recent research not included in the special issue as well as research in progress or planned research. The most active research areas are risk factors for beginning teen drivers and evaluations of GDL programs. Results in each area strengthen the case for GDL. Additional research is producing valuable information about specific GDL implementation issues and the roles of parents and driver education in helping teenagers learn to drive safely.     

中国生态脆弱区叶面积指数变化的主导气象因子研究

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新时期沿黄省会城市商业空间结构及其空间服务能力

在“黄河战略”和推动供给侧结构性改革的双重背景下,考察沿黄城市商业空间格局对推动黄河流域城市经济高质量发展意义重大。以沿黄省会城市为例,通过核密度估计、标准差椭圆方法分析其商业空间结构,进而通过叠加分析方法探讨等级商业空间服务能力。结果表明：（1）市区人均社会消费品零售总额自黄河上游到下游总体呈现递增趋势,济南是典型的积极消费型城市;（2）沿黄省会城市商业空间格局呈现出串珠型、单核心型、基础网络型、成熟网络型;（3）城市商业空间结构越成熟,空间服务能力越强,济南市等级商业空间服务能力显著,郑州市最差。研究结果能够为新时期黄河流域高质量发展与国土空间规划提供科学参考。     

江苏省商品有机肥推广应用补贴方式调查与分析研究

概述了我国有机肥产业发展及财政补贴现状。以江苏省商品有机肥推广应用补贴方式为例,探讨了地方政府通过实施企业招标、资格认证、评分审核等措施,扶持有机肥生产企业建设,在实现农业循环经济发展的同时保护生态环境,提高农民和企业参与的积极性。最后提出了借鉴江苏补贴模式,从经济上加大有机肥产业扶持力度,加强质量保证及服务保障体系建设,加强科技支撑、促进行业发展的政策建议。     

底层设有商业服务网点的高层居民住宅楼 消防安全问题研究

高层建筑已经成为城市建筑中最主要的建筑形式,底层设有商业服务网点的高层居民住宅楼由于兼具商业和居住的功能而受到开发商和用户的青睐。由于对底层商业服务网点的使用需求不同进行的改建、扩建带来的较为突出的消防安全问题,给城市的消防安全管理增加了不确定因素。采用数值模拟的方法构建了底层商业服务网点改扩建后的火灾场景,研究了此类场所改扩建后的火灾危险性,对增设自动喷水灭火系统的消防设计方法可行性进行了论证。模拟结果显示,仅在改扩建网点增设自动喷水灭火系统可以达到阻止火灾蔓延并扑灭火灾的安全要求。